Article Figures & Data
Tables
- Table 1
Baseline characteristics and assessment of randomization
Variable All patients (n=1427) Derivation (n=707) Validation (n=720) n Median or % n Median or % n Median or % P value Age 1427 35 years 707 35 years 720 36 years 0.24 Sex Male 1160 81.2% 569 80.5% 591 81.9% 0.51 Female 269 18.8% 138 19.5% 131 18.1% Body mass index 1083 26.0 532 25.8 561 26.0 0.59 Race Caucasian/Latino 783 54.8% 385 54.5% 398 55.1% 0.97 Black 339 23.7% 166 23.5% 173 24.0% Asian 185 13.0% 95 13.4% 90 12.5% Pacific Islander 9 0.6% 5 0.7% 4 0.6% Native American 8 0.6% 4 0.6% 4 0.6% Other 36 2.5% 20 2.8% 16 2.2% Unknown 69 4.8% 32 4.5% 37 5.1% Injury Severity Score 1389 14.0 689 13.0 700 14.0 0.24 Blunt injury 801 56.3% 383 54.3% 418 58.1% 0.15 Traumatic brain injury 519 36.4% 248 35.2% 271 37.6% 0.34 Mortality at 28 days 253 17.7% 117 16.6% 136 18.8% 0.26 - Table 2
Univariate analysis of the derivation cohort
Variable n OR 95% CI P value Traumatic brain injury 705 11.52 7.04 to 18.83 <0.001 INR 656 3.96 1.90 to 8.22 <0.001 Blunt injury 705 2.46 1.59 to 3.80 <0.001 Creatinine (mg/dL) 686 1.75 1.26 to 2.43 0.001 PTT (s) 657 1.14 1.10 to 1.18 <0.001 Age (years) 707 1.03 1.02 to 1.04 <0.001 Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) 692 1.01 1.00 to 1.02 0.002 Platelets (×103/µL) 686 0.99 0.99 to 1.00 <0.001 Base excess (mmol/L) 515 0.95 0.92 to 0.98 0.001 Hemoglobin (g/dL) 689 0.83 0.76 to 0.91 <0.001 Temperature (°C) 489 0.43 0.33 to 0.57 <0.001 ↵PTT, partial thromboplastin time.
- Table 3
Youden index cut-offs of the derivation cohort
Variable Cut-off Age (years) ≥59.50 Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) ≥163.50 Creatinine (mg/dL) ≥1.35 INR ≥1.25 PTT (s) ≥31.40 Hemoglobin (g/dL) ≤12.75 Platelets (103/µL) ≤224.50 Base excess (mmol/L) ≤−4.35 Temperature (°C) ≤36.25 ↵INR, international normalised ratio; PTT, partial thromboplastin time.
- Table 4
Multiple logistic regression of the derivation and validation cohorts
Variables Derivation (n=334) Validation (n=327) OR 95% CI P value OR 95% CI P value Traumatic brain injury 9.7 3.6 to 26.1 <0.001 10.6 3.7 to 30.9 <0.001 Age (years) 8.0 3.0 to 21.4 <0.001 9.6 3.6 to 25.4 <0.001 Systolic blood pressure(mm Hg) 4.6 1.7 to 12.3 0.003 5.3 1.9 to 14.6 0.001 Base excess (mmol/L) 3.8 1.5 to 9.4 0.004 3.0 0.8 to 4.8 0.16 PTT (s) 3.5 1.4 to 8.8 0.008 5.8 2.1 to 15.7 0.001 INR 2.8 1.0 to 8.0 0.049 2.2 1.1 to 8.5 0.04 Temperature (°C) 1.9 0.8 to 4.6 0.17 1.9 0.9 to 4.8 0.09 - Table 5
Calibration of models
Model n P value Trauma Early Mortality Prediction Tool 305 0.45 Trauma Injury Severity Score (2009) 305 0.11 Trauma Injury Severity Score (1995) 305 0.18 Revised Trauma Score 305 0.04 Glasgow Coma Scale 305 0.045 Injury Severity Score 305 0.26 - Table 6
Performance of the Trauma Early Mortality Prediction Tool compared with previously published scores
Model Mild to moderately injured (n=157) Severely injured (n=148) Area under the curve 95% CI 95% CI* P Area under the curve 95% CI 95% CI* P value Trauma Early Mortality Prediction Tool 1.00 0.99 to 1.00 0.99 to 1.00 0.84 0.82 to 0.93 0.76 to 0.90 Trauma Injury Severity Score (2009) 0.69 0.22 to 1.00 0.38 to 0.95 0.20 0.83 0.75 to 0.90 0.75 to 0.89 0.70 Trauma Injury Severity Score (1995) 0.78 0.59 to 0.97 0.63 to 0.90 0.02 0.89 0.83 to 0.94 0.82 to 0.93 0.15 Revised Trauma Score 0.71 0.77 to 0.89 0.62 to 0.78 <0.001 0.80 0.77 to 0.89 0.72 to 0.87 0.38 Glasgow Coma Scale 0.72 0.78 to 0.89 0.63 to 0.79 <0.001 0.83 0.78 to 0.89 0.74 to 0.88 0.52 Injury Severity Score 0.69 0.79 to 0.90 0.51 to 0.87 0.03 0.68 0.79 to 0.90 0.58 to 0.76 0.002 ↵*Bootstrap result.
Trauma Early Mortality Prediction Tool (TEMPT) for assessing 28-day mortality
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