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Open Access

Firearm assault in Philadelphia, 2005–2014: a comparison of police and trauma registry data

Elinore Kaufman, Daniel N Holena, Wei P Yang, Christopher N Morrison, Sara F Jacoby, Mark Seamon, Carrie Sims, Douglas J Wiebe, Jessica H Beard
DOI: 10.1136/tsaco-2019-000316 Published 12 August 2019
Elinore Kaufman
1Division of Traumatology, Surgical Critical Care, and Emergency Surgery, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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  • ORCID record for Elinore Kaufman
Daniel N Holena
1Division of Traumatology, Surgical Critical Care, and Emergency Surgery, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Wei P Yang
1Division of Traumatology, Surgical Critical Care, and Emergency Surgery, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Christopher N Morrison
1Division of Traumatology, Surgical Critical Care, and Emergency Surgery, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
2Epidemiology, Monash University School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Sara F Jacoby
1Division of Traumatology, Surgical Critical Care, and Emergency Surgery, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
3Penn Injury Science Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
4Family and Community Health, University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Mark Seamon
1Division of Traumatology, Surgical Critical Care, and Emergency Surgery, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
5University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Carrie Sims
1Division of Traumatology, Surgical Critical Care, and Emergency Surgery, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
5University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Douglas J Wiebe
1Division of Traumatology, Surgical Critical Care, and Emergency Surgery, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
3Penn Injury Science Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
6Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Jessica H Beard
1Division of Traumatology, Surgical Critical Care, and Emergency Surgery, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Article Figures & Data

Figures

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  • Figure 1
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    Figure 1

    Firearm assault incidence in Philadelphia Police Department (PPD) versus Pennsylvania Trauma Outcomes Study (PTOS) data, 2005–2014.

  • Figure 2
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    Figure 2

    Firearm assault case-fatality rates in Philadelphia Police Department (PPD) versus Pennsylvania Trauma Outcomes Study (PTOS) data, 2005–2014.

  • Figure 3
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    Figure 3

    Fatal and non-fatal firearm injury rates in Philadelphia Police Department (PPD) versus Pennsylvania Trauma Outcomes Study (PTOS) data, 2005–2014.

Tables

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  • Table 1

    Hospital destinations for firearm assault victims listed in Philadelphia Police Department database

    Non-fatal injuryFatal injuryTotal
    No hospital280 (2.4)876 (32.8)1156 (8.2)
    Pennsylvania trauma center10 544 (91.7)1774 (66.3)12 318 (86.9)
    Non-trauma center663 (5.8)25 (0.9)688 (4.9)
    Trauma center outside of Pennsylvania10 (0.1)010 (0.1)
  • Table 2

    Characteristics of firearm assault victims

    PPD (n=4172)PTOS (n=6998)
    Race
     Black11 940 (84.3)5652 (81.0)
     White2075 (14.6)412 (5.9)
     Asian157 (1.1)67 (1.0)
     OtherNA191 (2.7)
    Ethnicity
     HispanicNA445 (9.7)
    Gender
     Male13 067 (92.2)6572 (94.1)
     Age*24 (20–32)25 (20–32)
    Location
     Inside1508 (10.6)
     Outside12 664 (89.4)
    Body region injured†
     Extremity5885 (41.5)4367 (62.5)
     Torso3252 (23.0)1237 (17.7)
     Head/Neck1790 (12.6)503 (7.2)
     SpineNA875 (12.5)
     Multiple3245 (22.9)3889 (55.7)
    • *Median (IQR). All others are n (%).

    • †PPD injuries are as noted by PPD; only one entry permitted per patient. PTOS entries are generated from the AIS body region codes, and each patient may have up to 27 injuries recorded. AIS: abbreviated injury score.

    • NA, not available; PPD, Philadelphia Police Department database; PTOS, Pennsylvania Trauma Outcomes Study.

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Firearm assault in Philadelphia, 2005–2014: a comparison of police and trauma registry data
Elinore Kaufman, Daniel N Holena, Wei P Yang, Christopher N Morrison, Sara F Jacoby, Mark Seamon, Carrie Sims, Douglas J Wiebe, Jessica H Beard
Trauma Surg Acute Care Open Aug 2019, 4 (1) e000316; DOI: 10.1136/tsaco-2019-000316

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Firearm assault in Philadelphia, 2005–2014: a comparison of police and trauma registry data
Elinore Kaufman, Daniel N Holena, Wei P Yang, Christopher N Morrison, Sara F Jacoby, Mark Seamon, Carrie Sims, Douglas J Wiebe, Jessica H Beard
Trauma Surg Acute Care Open Aug 2019, 4 (1) e000316; DOI: 10.1136/tsaco-2019-000316
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Firearm assault in Philadelphia, 2005–2014: a comparison of police and trauma registry data
Elinore Kaufman, Daniel N Holena, Wei P Yang, Christopher N Morrison, Sara F Jacoby, Mark Seamon, Carrie Sims, Douglas J Wiebe, Jessica H Beard
Trauma Surgery & Acute Care Open Aug 2019, 4 (1) e000316; DOI: 10.1136/tsaco-2019-000316
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