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Open Access

In response to: Helicopter versus ground ambulance: review of national database for outcomes in survival in transferred trauma patients in the USA Michaels D, Pham H, Puckett Y, et al Trauma Surg Acute Care Open 2019;4:e000211

Brianna Dowd, Adel Elkbuli
DOI: 10.1136/tsaco-2019-000404 Published 17 November 2019
Brianna Dowd
Department of Surgery, Kendall Regional Medical Center, Miami, Florida, USA
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Adel Elkbuli
Department of Surgery, Kendall Regional Medical Center, Miami, Florida, USA
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We read with interest the impressive study by Michaels et al on helicopter versus ground transport survival in trauma patients. We commend the authors for their work but have some concerns.

Our first issue is semantic, the authors’ state in the title that “Helicopter vs ground ambulance; review of… transferre d trauma patients…” However, in the methods section the authors’ state, “All transferred patients…were excluded.” Italics and underline added for emphasis. Instead, it may be more appropriate to use the word “transported” instead of transferred as a description of the mode of arrival for the study groups.

The study utilized the National Trauma Data Bank (NTDB) to examine the impact of helicopter transport vs ground on mortality. The authors state “…after adjusting for confounders (age, ISS, gender), trauma patients who were transferred by helicopter were 57.0% less likely to die than those transferred by (ground ambulance).” A limitation is the lack of a multivariate regression analyses. While the authors used a univariate analysis, the impact of the results would benefit from multivariate analysis. The authors controlled for some individual confounders; however, this does not fully adjust for mortality. The use of an adjusted mortality calculation, such as Trauma and Injury Severity Score (TRISS) methodology, which brings together the Revised Trauma Score with the Injury Severity Score (ISS), resulting in an observed/expected mortality ratios, would control for multiple confounders (BP, Glasgow Coma Score (GCS), respiratory rate, ISS, mechanism, and age) and more appropriately reflect adjusted mortality expectation. The authors also did not report comorbidities, which can play an important role and this variable is available through the NTDB.

The authors report did not provide a breakdown of the Abbreviated Injury Score by body region. This description can be important in analyzing trauma patient outcomes, especially when comparing the outcomes of emergently transported patients.

Moreover, cumulating national data on transporting patients by either ground or air is problematic because different regions may have differing Emergency Medical Services resuscitation protocols. In addition, the combination of urban and rural regions of transport would be affected by geographic distribution of trauma centers, traffic, and weather, all of which would play a significant role in transport time and patient outcomes.

Footnotes

  • Contributors Both authors contributed equally to this work.

  • Funding The authors have not declared a specific grant for this research from any funding agency in the public, commercial or not-for-profit sectors.

  • Competing interests None declared.

  • Patient consent for publication Not required.

  • Provenance and peer review Not commissioned; internally peer reviewed.

This is an open access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited, appropriate credit is given, any changes made indicated, and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/.

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In response to: Helicopter versus ground ambulance: review of national database for outcomes in survival in transferred trauma patients in the USA Michaels D, Pham H, Puckett Y, et al Trauma Surg Acute Care Open 2019;4:e000211
Brianna Dowd, Adel Elkbuli
Trauma Surg Acute Care Open Nov 2019, 4 (1) e000404; DOI: 10.1136/tsaco-2019-000404

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In response to: Helicopter versus ground ambulance: review of national database for outcomes in survival in transferred trauma patients in the USA Michaels D, Pham H, Puckett Y, et al Trauma Surg Acute Care Open 2019;4:e000211
Brianna Dowd, Adel Elkbuli
Trauma Surg Acute Care Open Nov 2019, 4 (1) e000404; DOI: 10.1136/tsaco-2019-000404
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In response to: Helicopter versus ground ambulance: review of national database for outcomes in survival in transferred trauma patients in the USA Michaels D, Pham H, Puckett Y, et al Trauma Surg Acute Care Open 2019;4:e000211
Brianna Dowd, Adel Elkbuli
Trauma Surgery & Acute Care Open Nov 2019, 4 (1) e000404; DOI: 10.1136/tsaco-2019-000404
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