Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1
Human Worn Surgical Simulator-Cut Suit was placed on human actors allowing for patient-provider interaction. The anatomically correct “Cut Suit” mannequin with life-like hemorrhaging blood vessels enables surgical teams to practice operations on realistically simulated traumatic, life threating injuries.
- Figure 2
Time to disposition—same scenario. The mean time to disposition during the trauma scenario decreased from an initial 24.39 minutes (95% CI 1 to 30) to 13.91 (CI 11 to 19) minutes postcourse in an average of all six teams.
- Figure 3
Critical events missed (mean). The mean number of critical errors decreased from 5.00 (95% CI 3.5 to 6.8) to 1.00 (CI 0 to 1.8) for the same simulation presented on day 1 compared with day 6 of training.
- Figure 4
Psychometric survey data. Clinically significant increases with hyper-realistic training were seen in Unit Readiness 17%; Combat Readiness 12%; Leadership Quality 7%; and Vertical Cohesion 7%.
- Figure 5
Salivary cortisol and α-amylase biomarker data are represented as deltas, which have been calculated as the per cent change from the “pre” time point (same scenario day 1 versus day 6). In 2(SIM)×3(TIME) repeated measures of ANOVA, for salivary cortisol, there was a main effect of SIM (p=0.008), a main effect of TIME (p=0.000), and an interaction effect (p=0.000). For sAA, there was a main effect of SIM (p<0.05) and a marginal effect of TIME (p=0.07). ANOVA, analysis of variance; sAA, salivary α-amylase.
Tables
- Table 1
Study population demographics
Number Per cent Sex Male 57 72.2 Female 22 27.8 Race Native American 1 1.3 Asian 10 12.7 Black or African American 11 13.9 Hawaiian/Pacific Islander 3 3.8 White 51 64.6 Other 3 3.8 Ethnicity Not Hispanic or Latino 64 92.8 Hispanic or Latino 5 7.2 Education High school or General Educational Diploma 1 1.3 Some college or trade school 18 22.8 Associate’s degree 12 13.6 Bachelor’s degree 16 20.3 Graduate degree 32 40.5 Rank Enlisted 2 to Enlisted 7 40 49.3 Officer 3 to Officer 6 41 50.6 - Table 2
Written knowledge assessment
Role Pretest M(SD) Post-test M(SD) % change t Df Sig. (2-tailed) HM 55.2 (12.8) 69.5 (12.6) 26% −8.4 51 0.000 MD 81.1 (10.7) 90.2 (7.0) 11% −5.2 21 0.001 RN 64.9 (13.5) 80.9 (11.3) 25% −6.9 22 0.002 Overall 63.4 (16.2) 76.9 (14.1) 21% −11.7 96 0.000 HM, Hospital Corpsman; M, Mean; MD, Medical Doctor; RN, Registered Nurse; Sig, Significance; t, paired t test statistic.
- Table 3
Psychometric survey—main effects of time
Variable Timepoint Statistical significance of effects Baseline Day 3 Day 6 F (df) Significance Combat readiness 3.90 4.09 4.36 25.46 (2142) P=0.000 Unit readiness 3.60 3.80 4.20 41.01 (2144) P=0.000 Unit cohesion 4.45 4.46 4.68 8.49 (2 to 142) P=0.000 Team communication 4.13 3.89 4.24 5.70 (2 to 70) P=0.005 Vertical cohesion 4.14 4.18 4.41 13.48 (2144) P=0.000 Leadership quality 4.13 4.28 4.41 7.69 (2144) P=0.001 Perceived stress 0.89 0.96 0.93 1.16 (2146) P=0.315 Generalized Anxiety 0.64 0.58 0.63 0.190 (2142) P=0.828 Resilience 3.57 3.51 3.55 0.286 (2142) P=0.752 Job satisfaction 4.15 4.22 4.36 2.683 (2142) P=0.072
Supplementary data
