Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1
Distribution of time from injury to definitive care.
- Figure 2
Non-parametric curves of trend in log odds of in-hospital mortality with time to definitive care using the generalized additive model for total patients (n=1169). The shade bands showed 95% CI.
- Figure 3
Non-parametric curves of trend in log odds of in-hospital mortality with time to definitive care using generalized additive models ((A) severe shock patients: n=777; (B) moderate shock patients: n=392). The shade bands showed 95% CI.
- Figure 4
Non-parametric curves of trend in log odds of in-hospital mortality with time from actual time from injury onset to definitive care using the generalized additive model (n=798). The shade bands showed 95% CI.
Tables
- Table 1
Characteristics of patients
Total Severe shock Moderate shock n=1169 n=777 n=392 Median age, year (IQR) 50.0 (34.0–67.0) 54.0 (36.0–70.0) 43.5 (30.0–60.0) Male (%) 779 (66.6) 513 (66.0) 266 (67.9) Year of occurrence 2006–2010 (%) 478 (40.9) 306 (39.4) 392 (43.9) 2011–2015 (%) 691 (59.1) 471 (60.6) 220 (56.1) Penetrating injury (%) 271 (23.2) 169 (21.8) 102 (26.0) Transport measure (%) Ambulance 975 (83.4) 649 (83.5) 326 (83.2) Doctor-staffed car 82 (7.0) 57 (7.3) 25 (6.4) Helicopter 112 (9.6) 71 (9.1) 41 (10.5) Median ISS (IQR) 29.0 (16.0–41.0) 27.0 (16.0–41.0) 29.0 (16.0–41.0) Median AIS (IQR) Brain 0.0 (0.0–3.0) 0.0 (0.0–3.0) 0.0 (0.0–3.0) Chest 3.0 (0.0–4.0) 2.0 (0.0–4.0) 3.0 (0.0–4.0) Abdomen 2.0 (0.0–3.0) 2.0 (0.0–4.0) 2.0 (0.0–3.0) Lower extremities and pelvis 2.0 (0.0–4.0) 2.0 (0.0–4.0) 1.0 (0.0–4.0) Vital signs on arrival, median (IQR) SBP 62.0 (40.0–74.0) 54.0 (40.0–62.0) 80.0 (74.0–84.0) RR 25.0 (20.0–30.0) 24.0 (20.0–30.0) 26.0 (20.0–32.0) HR 119.0 (93.0–133.0) 107.0 (82.0–127.0) 126.0 (118.0–140.0) GCS 12.0 (6.0–14.0) 12.0 (6.0–14.0) 13.0 (7.0–14.0) Type of procedure in ED (%) Intubation 770 (65.9) 524 (67.4) 246 (62.8) ERT 69 (5.9) 51 (6.6) 18 (4.6) REBOA 154 (13.2) 120 (15.4) 34 (8.7) Transfusion 948 (81.1) 626 (80.6) 322 (82.1) Type of definitive care (%) Craniotomy 50 (4.3) 33 (4.2) 17 (4.3) Thoracotomy 159 (13.6) 105 (13.5) 54 (13.8) Laparotomy 387 (33.1) 256 (32.9) 131 (33.4) Orthopedic surgery 141 (12.1) 99 (12.7) 42 (10.7) TAE 340 (29.1) 226 (29.1) 114 (29.1) Median time interval, min (IQR) From injury to arrival at hospital 37.0 (28.0–48.0) 36.0 (28.0–48.0) 37.0 (28.0–49.0) From arrival at hospital to definitive care 95.0 (61.0–133.0) 93.0 (60.0–132.0) 100.0 (63.0–137.0) From injury to definitive care 137.0 (102.0–177.0) 136.0 (101.0–177.0) 139.0 (103.8–179.2) Hospital course In-hospital mortality 386 (33.0) 282 (36.3) 104 (26.5) Median length of stay in hospital (IQR) 20.0 (2.0–58.8) 17.0 (1.0–59.0) 24.0 (4.0–58.0) AIS, Abbreviated Injury Scale; ED, emergency department; ERT, emergency resuscitative thoracotomy; GCS, Glasgow Coma Scale; HR, heart rate; IQR, Interquartile range; ISS, Injury Severity Score; REBOA, resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta; RR, respiratory rate; SBP, systolic blood pressure; TAE, transarterial embolization.
