Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1
Relational schema of existing trauma scoring systems. Boxes indicate a subset of standard trauma scoring systems reviewed here. Text outlines individual factors used to compute trauma score. Example: To compute AIS, injury severity is ranked by anatomic region. The computation of ISS is based on AIS assignment of each anatomic region. TRISS methodology incorporates ISS and RTS to predict probability of survival. AIS, Abbreviated Injury Scale; ASCOT, A Severity Characterization of Trauma; GCS, Glasgow Coma Scale; ISS, Injury Severity Score; KTS, Kampala Trauma Score; NISS, New Injury Severity Score; PHI, Prehospital Index; RTS, Revised Trauma Score; TRISS, Trauma and Injury Severity Score.
- Figure 2
Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) flow diagram.
- Figure 3
Published studies reporting trauma scores in low and middle-income countries (LMIC) by year. AIS, Abbreviated Injury Scale; GCS, Glasgow Coma Scale; ISS, Injury Severity Score; KTS, Kampala Trauma Score; RTS, Revised Trauma Score; TRISS, Trauma and Injury Severity Score.
- Figure 4
Published studies reporting trauma scores in low and middle-income countries (LMIC) by WHO region. AIS, Abbreviated Injury Scale; GCS, Glasgow Coma Scale; ISS, Injury Severity Score; KTS, Kampala Trauma Score; RTS, Revised Trauma Score; TRISS, Trauma and Injury Severity Score.
Tables
- Table 1
Reported feasibility of trauma scoring systems
Trauma score Opportunities Constraints References Good clinical assessment Triage tool Sufficient data Lack of equipment Lack of human resources Insufficient/poor-quality data Inappropriate for population Used modified version ISS ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ (eISS) 7 31 32 73 75 77 90 102 103 112–114 AIS ✓ ✓ 75 102 115 RTS ✓ ✓ 12 79 103 116 KTS ✓ ✓ ✓ 12 15 73 82 TRISS ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ 27 28 34 73 75 93 95 106 107 AIS, Abbreviated Injury Scale; eISS, estimated ISS; ISS, Injury Severity Score; KTS, Kampala Trauma Score; RTS, Revised Trauma Score; TRISS, Trauma and Injury Severity Score.
- Table 2
Additional reported correlates of trauma scores
Trauma score Positive correlates ISS Incidence of organ dysfunction
Length of stay/prolonged or continued hospitalization
Morbidity
Postoperative complications
Severity/grades of anatomic-specific injuriesAIS Hospital admission
Long-term functional outcomes
Severity/grades of anatomic-specific injuriesRTS Hospital admission
Length of stay/prolonged or continued hospitalization
Morbidity
Nosocomial infections
Postoperative complicationsKTS Hospital admission*
Length of stay/prolonged or continued hospitalization†
Prehospital transportationTRISS Length of stay/prolonged or continued hospitalization
Nosocomial infections*Three studies reported KTS was a significant predictor of need for admission13 15 79; one study reported KTS was poor in predicting need for admission.86
†Three studies reported KTS predicted longer hospitalization70 117; one study reported KTS was not a good indicator of prolonged hospitalization.79
AIS, Abbreviated Injury Scale; ISS, Injury Severity Score; KTS, Kampala Trauma Score; RTS, Revised Trauma Score; TRISS, Trauma and Injury Severity Score.
Supplementary data
Supplementary data
Supplementary data
