Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1
Bland-Altman plot of differences between participants’ self-report and EDIE-documented number of emergency department (ED) visits versus the mean number of ED visits. EDIE, Emergency Department Information Exchange.
Tables
- Table 1
Demographics, mental health and substance use, clinical characteristics and emergency department (ED) visit utilization among trauma patients with elevated risk for mental health and substance use comorbidity (n=169)
Characteristic n (%)/m (SD) Demographics Age 42.1 (15.9) Female 96 (56.8) Race White 94 (55.6) African-American 27 (16.0) Native American 22 (13.0) Asian/Pacific Islander 14 (8.3) Hispanic 12 (7.1) Homeless at baseline 14 (8.3) Public insurance 163 (96.4) Mental health and substance use PCL-C score ≥35 (risk for PTSD) 127 (75.1) PHQ-9 ≥10 (current moderate depression) 155 (91.7) PHQ-9 item 9 score ≥1 (current suicidality) 41 (24.3) AUDIT-C score positive (current alcohol use disorder) 83 (49.1) History of alcohol use 23 (13.6) History of major psychiatric illness 54 (32.0) Clinical characteristics Injury Severity Score 15.1 (11.3) ICU admit 96 (56.8) Emergency department utilization Self-report ED visits in past year 1.3 (2.4) EDIE ED visits in past year 1.5 (2.5) EDIE distinct hospitals visited in past year 0.69 (0.97) Self-report ED visits match EDIE 93 (55.0) Self-report is less than EDIE (under-reporting) 36 (21.3) Self-report is more than EDIE (over-reporting) 40 (23.6) AUDIT-C, Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test Consumption; ED, emergency department; EDIE, Emergency Department Information Exchange; ICU, intensive care unit; PCL-C, PTSD CheckList-Civilian version; PHQ-9, Patient Health Questionnaire 9; PTSD, post-traumatic stress disorder.
- Table 2
Demographics, clinical characteristics and emergency department (ED) visit utilization reporting patterns (n=169)
Characteristic No ED visits
n=75Matching ED visits
n=18P value All matching
n=93Over- reporting
n=36Under- reporting
n=40P value Post hoc differences Demographics Age, mean (SD) 41.2 (18.0) 37.9 (11.3) 0.46 40.6 (16.9) 44.3 (14.9) 43.5 (14.2) 0.4 Female, n (%) 38 (50.7) 14 (77.8) 0.06 52 (55.9) 20 (55.6) 24 (60.0) 0.98 Race, n (%) White 45 (60.0) 10 (55.6) 55 (59.1) 21 (58.3) 18 (45.0) African-American 11 (14.7) 3 (16.7) 14 (15.1) 6 (16.7) 7 (17.5) Native American 5 (6.7) 1 (5.6) 0.9 6 (6.5) 5 (13.9) 11 (27.5) 0.08 Asian/Pacific Islander 7 (9.3) 3 (16.7) 10 (10.8) 3 (8.3) 1 (2.5) Hispanic 7 (9.3) 1 (5.6) 8 (8.6) 1 (2.8) 3 (7.5) Homeless at baseline 4 (5.3) 0 (0) 1 4 (4.3) 1 (2.8) 9 (22.5) 0.001 UR>others Public insurance 73 (97.3) 18 (100) 1 91 (97.8) 34 (94.4) 38 (95.0) 0.36 Mental health and substance use Risk for PTSD, n (%) 52 (69.3) 14 (77.8) 0.57 66 (71.0) 27 (75.0) 34 (85.0) 0.23 Current moderate depression, n (%) 67 (89.3) 17 (94.4) 1 84 (90.3) 35 (97.2) 36 (90.0) 0.4 Current suicidality 23 (30.7) 3 (16.7) 0.38 26 (28.0) 6 (16.7) 9 (22.5) 0.39 Current alcohol use disorder 34 (45.3) 10 (55.6) 0.6 44 (47.3) 18 (50.0) 21 (52.5) 0.85 History of alcohol use 6 (8.0) 2 (11.1) 0.65 8 (8.6) 5 (13.9) 10 (25.0) 0.04 Match<UR History of major psychiatric illness 20 (26.7) 5 (27.8) 1 25 (26.9) 10 (27.8) 19 (47.5) 0.05 Match<UR Clinical characteristics Injury Severity Score 11.1 (17.2) 11.4 (12.0) 0.08 11.2 (16.2) 13.0 (15.3) 9.6 (12.5) 0.23 ICU admit, n (%) 51 (68.0) 8 (44.4) 0.1 59 (63.4) 20 (55.6) 17 (42.5) 0.08 ICU, intensive care unit; PTSD, post-traumatic stress disorder; UR, under reporting.
