Age (years) | | | | | 0.142 |
≤40 | 42 | 12 (28.6%) | 30 (71.4%) | 2.17 (0.76 to 6.19) |
>40 | 45 | 7 (15.6%) | 38 (84.4%) | Ref |
Gender | | 14 (20.6%) | | | 0.593 |
Male | 68 | 5 (26.3%) | 54 (79.4%) | 0.726 (0.22 to 2.36) |
Female | 19 | | 14 (73.7%) | Ref |
BMI (kg/m2) | | | | | 0.51 |
≥25 | 47 | 9 (19.1%) | 38 (80.9%) | 0.71 (0.26 to 1.97) |
<25 | 40 | 10 (25%) | 30 (75%) | Ref |
COPD | | | | | 0.0005* |
Yes | 13 | 10 (76.9%) | 3 (23.1%) | 24.07 (5.55 to 104.33) |
No | 74 | 9 (12.2%) | 65 (87.8%) | Ref |
Intubation | | | | | 0.677 |
Yes | 78 | 18 (23.1%) | 60 (76.9%) | 2.4 (0.28 to 20.49) |
No | 9 | 1 (11.1%) | 8 (88.9%) | Ref |
Fever | | | | | 0.009* |
Yes | 25 | 10 (40%) | 15 (60%) | 3.92 (1.35 to 11.42) |
No | 62 | 9 (14.5%) | 53 (85.5%) | Ref |
Infection | | | | 0.85 (0.27 to 2.69) | 0.792 |
Yes | 25 | 5 (20%) | 20 (80%) | Ref |
No | 62 | 14 (22.6%) | 48 (77.4%) | |
Pain ≥4 | | | | | 0.0005* |
Yes | 19 | 11 (57.9%) | 8 (42.1%) | 10.31 (3.19 to 33.29) |
No | 68 | 8 (11.8%) | 60 (88.2%) | Ref |
Agitation | | | | | 0.0005* |
Yes | 40 | 17 (42.5%) | 23 (57.5%) | 16.63 (3.53 to 78.26) |
No | 47 | 2 (4.3%) | 45 (95.7%) | Ref |
Sedation | | | | | 0.024* |
Yes | 54 | 16 (29.6%) | 38 (70.4%) | 4.21 (1.12 to 15.80) |
No | 33 | 3 (9.1%) | 30 (90.9%) | Ref |
Hypernatremia (serum sodium ≥145) | | | | | 0.0005* |
Yes | 42 | 16 (38.1%) | 26 (61.9%) | 8.61 (2.28 to 32.46) |
No | 45 | 3 (6.7%) | 42 (93.3%) | Ref |
Serum creatinine ≥1.2 | | | | | 0.142 |
Yes | 45 | 7 (15.6%) | 38 (84.4%) | 0.46 (0.16 to 1.31) |
No | 42 | 12 (28.6%) | 30 (71.4%) | Ref |
Length of ICU stay (days) | | | | | 0.022* |
<7 days | 56 | 8 (14.3%) | 48 (85.7%) | Ref |
≥7 days | 31 | 11 (35.5%) | 20 (64.5%) | 3.3 (1.16 to 9.43) |
Length of hospital stay | | | | | 0.291 |
≤10 | 32 | 4 (12.5%) | 28 (87.5%) | Ref |
11–30 | 44 | 12 (27.3%) | 32 (72.7%) | 2.63 (0.76 to 9.07) |
>30 | 11 | 3 (27.3%) | 8 (72.7%) | 2.63 (0.48 to 14.23) |
Mortality | | | | | 0.0005* |
Yes | 21 | 11 (52.4%) | 10 (47.6%) | 7.97 (2.57 to 24.72) |
No | 66 | 8 (12.1%) | 58 (87.9%) | Ref |