Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1
Patient flow diagram.
- Figure 2
Antibiogram for all included patients. CFZ, cefazolin; CRO, ceftriaxone; FEP, cefepime; LVX, levofloxacin; MEM, meropenem; SAM, ampicillin/sulbactam; TZP, piperacillin/tazobactam.
- Figure 3
Antibiogram for only bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) sampled patients. CFZ, cefazolin; CRO, ceftriaxone; FEP, cefepime; LVX, levofloxacin; MEM, meropenem; SAM, ampicillin/sulbactam; TZP, piperacillin/tazobactam.
- Figure 4
Antiobiogram for illicit drug users. CFZ, cefazolin; CRO, ceftriaxone; FEP, cefepime; LVX, levofloxacin; MEM, meropenem; SAM, ampicillin/sulbactam; TZP, piperacillin/tazobactam.
- Figure 5
Antibiogram days 6–7. CFZ, cefazolin; CRO, ceftriaxone; FEP, cefepime; LVX, levofloxacin; MEM, meropenem; SAM, ampicillin/sulbactam; TZP, piperacillin/tazobactam.
Tables
- Table 1
Patient and injury characteristics
Characteristic Age 45 (32–61) Male 111 (84.7%) Race White 72 (55.0%) Black 15 (11.5%) Asian 3 (2.3%) American Indian/Alaskan Native 6 (4.6%) Unknown 35 (26.7%) Hispanic 50 (38.2%) Comorbidities Diabetes 27 (20.6%) COPD 9 (6.9%) HD dependent 1 (0.8%) CHF 6 (4.6%) Active cancer 4 (3.1%) HIV/AIDS 0 (0%) Cirrhosis 2 (1.5%) None of the above 85 (64.9%) Unknown 8 (6.1%) Smoking status Smoker 59 (45.0%) Non-smoker 47 (35.9%) Unknown 25 (19.1%) ISS 18 (14–30) Blunt vs. penetrating injury Blunt 114 (87.0%) Penetrating 17 (13.0%) Type of injury TBI 91 (69.5%) Chest trauma 70 (53.4%) Pelvic or long-bone fracture 43 (32.8%) Abdominal organ trauma 27 (20.6%) Spinal cord injury 44 (33.6%) Type of pneumonia CAP 29 (22.1%) HAP 19 (14.5%) VAP 83 (63.4%) Hospital day of pneumonia diagnosis 4 (3,6) White cell count 11.9 (0.44) Temperature 38.4 (0.07) Prophylactic antibiotics before cultures drawn Any 67 (51.1%) Gentamicin 5 (3.8%) Cefazolin 33 (25.2%) Cefuroxime 37 (28.2%) Cefoxitin 6 (4.6%) Other 2 (1.5%) Treatment antibiotics before cultures drawn Any 23 (17.6%) Ceftriaxone 5 (3.8%) Piperacillin/tazobactam 10 (7.6%) Vancomycin 7 (5.3%) Other 2 (1.5%) Results are presented as n (%), mean (SD), or median (IQR) as appropriate.
CAP, community-acquired pneumonia; CHF, congestive heart failure; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; HAP, hospital-acquired pneumonia; HD, hemodialysis; ISS, Injury Severity Score; TBI, traumatic brain injury; VAP, ventilator-associated pneumonia.;
- Table 2
Characteristics of respiratory samples
Characteristic n (%) Respiratory sample Sputum 24 (18.3) BAL 101 (77.1) Endotracheal 6 (4.6) Culture positive 109 (83.2) Organism type Gram positive 66 (46.1) Gram negative 77 (53.8) Gram-positive organisms MSSA 34 (23.8) MRSA 12 (8.4) Streptococcus pneumoniae 11 (7.7) S. agalactiae 3 (2.1) S. pyogenes 3 (2.1) Other 2 (1.4) Gram-negative organisms Haemophilus influenzae 21 (14.7) Klebsiella pneumoniae 20 (13.9) Escherichia coli 10 (7.0) Enterobacter sp 8 (5.6) Pseudomonas aeruginosa 7 (4.9) Moraxella catarrhalis 3 (2.1) Other 7 (4.9) BAL, bronchoalveolar lavage; ; MRSA, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus; MSSA, methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus.
