Article Figures & Data
- Figure 1
Post-traumatic stress disorder diagnostic criteria.
- Figure 2
Modified consort flow diagram. NSESS, National Stressful Events Survey Acute Stress Disorder Scale; PSSI-5, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms Scale Interview for DSM-5.
- Figure 3
Non-linear multivariable regression modeling. ISS, Injury Severity Score; NSESSS, National Stressful Events Survey Acute Stress Disorder Scale; PTSD, post-traumatic stress disorder EDF, estimated degrees of freedom.
- Table 1
Demographics
Enrolled Completed PSSI-5 Level II trauma
activations (with ISS)Gender (%) M: 63.1, F: 36.9 M: 61.0, F: 39.0 M: 63.0, F: 37.0 n 103 59 1183 Median age (years) 58 58 51 Mean age±SD (years) 55.0±22.4 55.0±22.7 52.0±23 Race (%) White 72.8 78.0 67.0 Black 15.5 10.2 9.8 Asian 3.9 3.4 1.4 Other 7.8 8.5 20.6 Unknown 0.0 0.0 0.8 Ethnicity (%) Non-Hispanic 93.2 93.2 77.4 Hispanic 6.8 6.8 20.7 Unknown 0.0 0.0 1.9 Mean ISS±SD 11.68±6.83 11.45±7.08 (collected for 55/59) 10.21±7.72 Mechanism of injury (%) Motor vehicle collision 42.7 42.4 36.4 Fall 32.0 30.5 34.1 Pedestrian struck 9.7 8.5 8.5 Motorcycle collision 5.8 8.5 6.3 Bicycle ijury 1.0 1.7 3.4 Assault 1.0 1.7 2.8 Other 7.8 6.8 8.5 Proportion of patients with AIS score≥3 (by body region, %)* Head 12.6 11.9 17.3 Face 0.0 0.0 0.6 Neck 1.9 0.0 1.5 Thorax 24.3 20.3 20.5 Abdomen 4.9 6.8 3.8 Spine 9.7 6.8 7.6 Upper extremity 1.9 1.7 1.0 Lower extremity 19.4 18.6 12.2 External and other 0.0 0.0 0.0 *AIS scores: 1, minor; 2, moderate; 3, serious; 4, severe; 5, critical; 6, maximum.
AIS, Abbreviated Injury Scale; F, female; ISS, Injury Severity Score; M, male; PSSI-5, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms Scale Interview for DSM-5.
- Table 2
Ability of screening tools to predict PTSD diagnosis
Univariable logistic regression Multivariable logistic regression (R2=0.058) OR (95% CI) P value OR (95% CI) P value Age (years) 0.997 (0.967 to 1.028) 0.852 0.999 (0.966 to 1.034) 0.961 Gender 1.053 (0.251 to 4.224) 0.942 0.958 (0.210 to 4.373) 0.956 ISS 1.023 (0.931 to 1.123) 0.639 1.024 (0.929 to 1.130) 0.629 Initial question 2.316 (0.831 to 6.456) 0.108 2.360 (0.814 to 6.847) 0.114 Univariable logistic regression Multivariable logistic regression (R2=0.141) Age (years) 0.997 (0.967 to 1.028) 0.852 1.004 (0.967 to 1.042) 0.836 Gender 1.053 (0.251 to 4.224) 0.942 0.834 (0.152 to 4.568) 0.834 ISS 1.023 (0.931 to 1.123) 0.639 1.034 (0.935 to 1.143) 0.513 NSESSS-1 (3–5 days) 2.745 (1.312 to 5.744) 0.007 2.982 (1.326 to 6.705) 0.008 Univariable logistic regression Multivariable logistic regression (R2=0.125) Age (years) 0.997 (0.967 to 1.028) 0.852 0.993 (0.953 to 1.036) 0.752 Gender 1.053 (0.251 to 4.224) 0.942 0.590 (0.084 to 4.159) 0.597 ISS 1.023 (0.931 to 1.123) 0.639 1.052 (0.937 to 1.182) 0.392 NSESSS-2 (2–4 weeks) 2.988 (1.064 to 8.389) 0.038 3.707 (1.137 to 12.841) 0.039 ISS, Injury Severity Score; NSESSS, National Stressful Events Survey Acute Stress Disorder Scale; PTSD, post-traumatic stress disorder.
- Table 3
Ability of screening tools to predict PTSD symptom scale (severity)
Univariable linear regression Multivariable linear regression (R2=0.111) Beta estimate (95% CI) P value Beta estimate (95% CI) P value Age (years) −0.046 (−0.206 to 0.114) 0.567 −0.061 (−0.236 to 0.113) 0.484 Gender −3.140 (−10.516 to 4.235) 0.397 −3.718 (−11.787 to 4.350) 0.359 ISS 0.035 (−0.517 to 0.588) 0.899 0.058 (−0.481 to 0.597) 0.83 Initial question 5.047 (0.833 to 9.260) 0.02 5.012 (0.268 to 9.757) 0.039 Univariable linear regression Multivariable linear regression (R2=0.312) Age (years) −0.046 (−0.206 to 0.114) 0.567 −0.034 (−0.188 to 0.120) 0.659 Gender −3.140 (−10.516 to 4.235) 0.397 −3.426 (−10.511 to 3.658) 0.336 ISS 0.035 (−0.517 to 0.588) 0.899 0.068 (−0.406 to 0.542) 0.775 NSESSS-1 (3–5 days) 8.095 (4.634 to 11.556) 0.000018 8.480 (4.712 to 12.247) 0.000038 Univariable linear regression Multivariable linear regression (R2=0.391) Age (years) −0.046 (−0.206 to 0.114) 0.567 −0.064 (−0.228 to 0.100) 0.433 Gender −3.140 (−10.516 to 4.235) 0.397 3.554 (−11.574 to 2.826) 0.226 ISS 0.035 (−0.517 to 0.588) 0.899 0.200 (−0.270 to 0.669) 0.394 NSESSS-2 (2–4 weeks) 9.954 (5.758 to 14.151) 0.000021 10.134 (5.317 to 13.881) 0.000066 ISS, Injury Severity Score; NSESSS, National Stressful Events Survey Acute Stress Disorder Scale; PTSD, post-traumatic stress disorder.
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