Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1
Risk score versus predictability of mortality. AKI, acute kidney injury.
- Figure 2
ROC curve for prognostic model performance for predicting mortality in severe AKI. AKI, acute kidney injury; AUC, area under the curve; ROC, receiver operating characteristic.
- Figure 3
Observed versus fitted average mortality in severe AKI. AKI, acue kidney injury.
Tables
- Table 1
Bivariate analysis of patients with severe AKI who died and who survived
Variable Total patients (n=9309) Survived
(n=6695)Died
(n=2614)P Value Age (years), median (Q1–Q3) 61 (43–61) 60 (42–75) 62 (46–76) <0.001 Race, n (%) 0.033 American Indian 64 (0.7) 52 (0.8) 12 (0.5) Asian 186 (2) 117 (1.7) 69 (2.6) Black or African American 1801 (19.3) 1319 (19.7) 482 (18.4) Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander 17 (0.2) 13 (0.2) 4 (0.2) Other race 642 (6.9) 452 (6.8) 190 (7.3) White 6599 (70.9) 4742 (70.8) 1857 (71) Race (white), n (%) 6599 (70.9) 4742 (70.8) 1857 (71) 0.86 Sex, n (%) <0.001 Female 2457 (26.4) 1867 (27.9) 590 (22.6) Male 6852 (73.6) 4828 (72.1) 2024 (77.4) Hypotension, n (%) 1182 (12.7) 743 (11.1) 439 (16.8) <0.001 SBP (mm Hg), median (Q1–Q3) 130 (105–152) 132 (108–154) 122.5 (99–148) <0.001 Pulse, median (Q1–Q3) 93 (78–112) 92 (78–111) 95 (78–116) 0.001 ISS, median (Q1–Q3) 18 (10–29) 17 (9–26) 25 (16–34) <0.001 GCS, median (Q1–Q3) 15 (10–15) 15 (13–15) 14 (3–15) <0.001 Injury type, n (%) 0.036 Blunt 8306 (89.2) 5945 (88.8) 2361 (90.3) Penetrating 1003 (10.8) 750 (11.2) 253 (9.7) Mechanism of injury, n (%) <0.001 All others 37 (0.4) 24 (0.4) 13 (0.5) Bicycle hit by 107 (1.1) 65 (1) 42 (1.6) Fall 3595 (38.6) 2722 (40.7) 873 (33.4) GSW 839 (9) 622 (9.3) 217 (8.3) Machinery 85 (0.9) 65 (1) 20 (0.8) Motorcycle 823 (8.8) 592 (8.8) 231 (8.8) MVT 2538 (27.3) 1722 (25.7) 816 (31.2) Other transport 519 (5.6) 384 (5.7) 135 (5.2) Pedestrian hit by 603 (6.5) 372 (5.6) 231 (8.8) Stab wound 163 (1.8) 127 (1.9) 36 (1.4) Comorbidities, n (%) Diabetes mellitus 2384 (25.6) 1764 (26.3) 620 (23.7) 0.01 Hypertension requiring medication 4517 (48.5) 3346 (50) 1171 (44.8) <0.001 Congestive heart failure 908 (9.8) 657 (9.8) 251 (9.6) 0.787 Current smoker 1534 (16.5) 1156 (17.3) 378 (14.5) 0.001 Use of anticoagulation/bleeding disorder 1200 (12.9) 797 (11.9) 403 (15.4) <0.001 Functionally dependent health status 366 (3.9) 271 (4) 95 (3.6) 0.388 History of myocardial infarction 340 (3.7) 267 (4) 73 (2.8) 0.007 Obesity 872 (9.4) 644 (9.6) 228 (8.7) 0.195 Respiratory disease 647 (7) 465 (6.9) 182 (7) 1 AKI, acute kidney injury; GCS, Glasgow Coma Scale; GSW, Gun shot wound; ISS, Injury Severity Score; MVT, motor vehicle traffic accident; n, number of patients; SBP, systolic blood pressure; SW, stab wound.
- Table 2
Risk factors of mortality in patients with severe AKI
Variable β coefficient OR 95 % CI for OR P value (Intercept) −2.72 0.07 0.05 to 0.08 <0.0001 Male vs. female 0.17 1.19 1.04 to 1.35 0.0082 White (no vs. yes) 0.12 1.13 1.00 to 1.28 0.0516 Hypotension (yes vs. no) 0.16 1.17 1.00 to 1.37 0.0499 Coagulopathy (yes vs. no) 0.40 1.49 1.28 to 1.75 <0.0001 Age (years) 45–54 vs. 16–44 0.41 1.51 1.25 to 1.82 <0.0001 55–64 vs. 16–44 0.82 2.25 1.89 to 2.68 <0.0001 65–74 vs. 16–44 0.97 2.63 2.19 to 3.17 <0.0001 75–89 vs. 16–44 1.15 3.14 2.62 to 3.76 <0.0001 ISS 15–24 vs. 4–14 0.58 1.78 1.53 to 2.06 <0.0001 25–34 vs. 4–14 1.04 2.81 2.41 to 3.28 <0.0001 35–44 vs. 4–14 1.35 3.85 3.12 to 4.76 <0.0001 45–75 vs. 4–14 1.68 5.36 4.17 to 6.89 <0.0001 GCS score 3–8 vs. 13–15 0.83 2.30 2.01 to 2.63 <0.0001 9–12 vs. 13–15 0.26 1.30 1.03 to 1.64 0.0275 Hypotension: systolic blood pressure<90 mm Hg.
AKI, acute kidney injury; GCS, Glasgow Coma Scale; ISS, Injury Severity Score.
- Table 3
Risk of mortality score with severe AKI
Coefficient Score Male 0.17262 2 Nonwhite 0.12136 1 Hypotension 0.15729 2 Coagulopathy 0.40056 4 Age (years) 44–54 0.41443 4 54–64 0.81515 8 64–74 0.97096 10 74–89 1.14675 11 ISS 14–24 0.5779 6 24–34 1.0366 10 34–44 1.34568 13 44–75 1.68204 17 GCS score 3–8 0.82916 8 8–12 0.26145 3 Hypotension: systolic blood pressure<90 mm Hg.
AKI, acute kidney injury; GCS, Glasgow Coma Scale; ISS, Injury severity score.
