Article Figures & Data
- Figure 1
Incidence (%) of the three most common causes of injury, by surveillance week and pandemic period. (A) Incidence of falls; (B) incidence of motor vehicle crashes; and (C) incidence of assaults.
- Table 1
Demographics by study period
Covariate, % (n) Prepandemic
March 11, 2019–June 30, 2019
n=3862Pandemic
March 11, 2020–June 30, 2020
n=3446P value Mean (SD) age, years 54.4 (22) 53.9 (21) 0.32 Female sex 42.0 (1621) 41.4 (1427) 0.63 White race 75.8 (2926) 74.7 (2575) 0.43 Full/partial trauma activation 16.0 (619) 16.3 (560) 0.80 ED disposition: operating room 9.6 (371) 10.0 (344) 0.59 ED SBP <90 mm Hg 4.3 (164) 4.7 (163) 0.32 Injury severity score ≥16 17.7 (685) 18.1 (625) 0.66 Severe injury, AIS ≥3 Head trauma 14.9 (575) 15.6 (539) 0.37 Thoracic trauma 13.0 (503) 13.7 (471) 0.42 Abdomen/pelvic trauma 3.2 (125) 3.3 (114) 0.86 Upper extremity trauma 1.2 (45) 1.6 (55) 0.11 Lower extremity trauma 18.1 (698) 18.8 (647) 0.44 In-hospital mortality 3.2 (125) 4.7 (163) 0.001 Hospital LOS, median (IQR) 3 (1.2–6) 3 (1–5) 0.02 ICU LOS, median (IQR) 2 (0–3) 1 (0–3) 0.002 Bolding denotes statistical significance with p<0.05.
AIS, Abbreviated Injury Scale; ED, emergency department; ICU, intensive care unit; LOS, length of stay; SBP, systolic blood pressure.;
- Table 2
Causes of injury by study period
Covariate, % (n) Prepandemic
March 11, 2019–June 30, 2019
n=3862Pandemic
March 11, 2020–June 30, 2020
n=3446P value Fall 42.2 (1630) 43.8 (1508) 0.18 Motor vehicle crash 17.0 (657) 14.0 (481) <0.001 Assault 6.9 (265) 8.5 (294) 0.01 Motorcycle crash 5.1 (198) 5.6 (193) 0.37 Worksite injury 5.2 (202) 4.1 (141) 0.02 Crush/strike 4.0 (156) 3.2 (111) 0.06 Bicycle 2.8 (107) 4.2 (146) <0.001 Home improvement 3.3 (127) 3.3 (115) 0.91 Pedestrian 3.0 (116) 2.2 (74) 0.02 Recreational 3.0 (116) 1.7 (58) <0.001 Off-road vehicles 1.8 (68) 3.0 (103) <0.001 Firearm 1.1 (44) 1.5 (52) 0.17 Self-inflicted 1.2 (46) 1.3 (45) 0.66 Other* 3.4 (130) 3.6 (125) 0.54 *Other: burn (n=98), animal bite (n=59), glass/sharp object (n=38), 'other' (n=35) or unknown (n=25).
- Table 3
Injury characteristics and outcomes by cause of injury
Cause Trauma activation, % (n) ED to OR, % (n) ISS ≥16, % (n) Head AIS ≥3 (severe), % (n) ED SBP <90 mm Hg, % (n) Mortality, % (n) Fall 6.2 (195) 5.1 (158) 13.2 (413) 18.0 (566) 3.4 (108) 3.5 (112) Motor vehicle crash 21.0 (239) 8.5 (97) 24.7 (281) 10.6 (121) 4.4 (50) 4.6 (52) Assault 46.7 (261) 22.4 (125) 19.1 (107) 11.3 (63) 7.9 (44) 3.6 (20) Motorcycle crash 26.6 (104) 14.3 (56) 28.9 (113) 17.4 (68) 7.7 (30) 7.2 (28) Worksite injury 14.3 (49) 18.9 (68) 17.5 (60) 14.3 (49) 6.1 (21) 1.2 (4) Crush/strike 5.6 (15) 8.2 (22) 13.1 (35) 18.4 (49) 1.5 (4) 1.9 (5) Bicycle 7.5 (19) 6.7 (17) 17.4 (44) 14.2 (36) 3.2 (8) 2.8 (7) Home improvement 9.1 (22) 17.4 (42) 19.8 (48) 9.1 (22) 2.5 (6) 2.1 (5) Pedestrian 31.1 (59) 8.4 (16) 28.4 (54) 22.6 (43) 9.0 (17) 6.3 (12) Recreational 14.4 (25) 9.2 (16) 26.4 (46) 12.1 (21) 1.2 (2) 0.6 (1) Off-road vehicles 15.8 (27) 5.9 (10) 19.3 (33) 11.7 (20) 2.9 (5) 0.6 (1) Firearm 60.4 (58) 19.8 (19) 20.8 (20) 10.4 (10) 7.3 (7) 10.4 (10) Self-inflicted 71.4 (65) 29.7 (27) 31.9 (29) 28.6 (26) 16.5 (15) 24.2 (22) Other 16.1 (41) 16.5 (42) 10.6 (27) 7.8 (20) 3.9 (10) 2.5 (9) P value* <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 *P value denotes significant differences in the injury characteristic/outcome by cause of injury.
AIS, abbreviated injury scale; ED, emergency department; ISS, injury severity score; OR, operating room; SBP, systolic blood pressure.
- Table 4
Specific injury diagnoses: 10 most common reported in the population
ICD-10 code – description Prepandemic
March 11, 2019–June 30, 2019
N=3862, % (n)Pandemic
March 11, 2020–June 30, 2020
N=3446, % (n)P value Superficial injury* of head 23.0 (863) 27.3 (918) <0.001 Intracranial injury (TBI) 25.1 (943) 24.1 (812) 0.37 Fracture of rib(s), sternum and thoracic spine 22.2 (832) 21.1 (707) 0.26 Open wound of head 15.8 (630) 17.9 (599) 0.23 Femur fracture 14.6 (549) 16.0 (536) 0.11 Fracture of lumbar spine and pelvis 14.6 (548) 13.1 (440) 0.07 Fracture of skull and facial bones 13.6 (511) 12.9 (433) 0.38 Superficial injury of knee and lower leg 11.7 (440) 14.9 (499) <0.001 Intrathoracic organ injury – other/unspecified 11.1 (417) 11.5 (387) 0.57 Fracture of lower leg, including ankle 9.5 (355) 10.2 (342) 0.30 Note: 83% of patients had one of the 10 most common injury diagnoses.
*For example, contusion, abrasion, blister and bite to head (scalp, eye, nose, ear, cheek and mouth).
TBI, Traumatic Brain Injury.
- Table 5
Procedure types and 10 most common medical/surgical procedures reported in the population
Procedure grouping by ICD-10 codes
(with examples)Prepandemic
March 11, 2019–June 30, 2019
n=3862, % (n)Pandemic
March 11, 2020–June 30, 2020
n=3446, % (n)P value Imaging (CT scan, X-ray) 91.1 (3488) 90.6 (3082) 0.51 Administration (blood products and therapeutics) 31.4 (1201) 34.2 (1165) 0.01 Placement (packing and immobilization) 24.3 (931) 24.3 (827) 0.99 Measure and monitor (ICP monitor) 11.0 (421) 12.9 (438) 0.01 Medical/surgical procedures (repair/replace) 57.5 (2201) 61.9 (2106) <0.001 Lower bone 18.8 (718) 19.8 (673) 0.26 Skin 15.7 (602) 17.0 (579) 0.13 Upper bone 9.0 (344) 9.9 (338) 0.17 General anatomic* 6.9 (264) 8.3 (282) 0.02 Respiratory 7.5 (288) 8.4 (284) 0.19 Subcutaneous/fascia 6.1 (235) 7.8 (265) 0.01 Lower joints 8.1 (312) 9.4 (318) 0.07 Gastrointestinal 3.9 (149) 4.2 (144) 0.46 Upper joints 4.0 (153) 4.5 (152) 0.32 Head and face 3.1 (120) 3.2 (110) 0.81 Sixty percent of patients had one of the 10 most common medical/surgical procedures.
*For example, hemorrhage control, excision and drainage, tube change and biopsy.
ICP, Intracranial Pressure Monitor.
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