Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1
Duration of acute kidney injury (AKI), raw data.
- Figure 2
Acute kidney injury (AKI) duration and outcomes.
Tables
- Table 1
Characteristics of study participants
All patients (n=7049) No AKI
(n=3896)Short-duration AKI (n=2303) Long-duration AKI (n=850) P value* Age (years) 41 (26–58) 36 (24–53) 46 (29–61) 53 (35–70) <0.001 Male sex (%) 5087 (72) 3060 (79) 1507 (65) 520 (61) <0.001 Race/ethnicity (%) <0.001 White 3685 (52) 1894 (49) 1273 (55) 518 (61) Black 1167 (17) 762 (20) 301 (13) 104 (12) Hispanic 1560 (22) 906 (23) 493 (21) 161 (19) Asian 113 (2) 62 (2) 43 (2) 8 (1) Blunt mechanism of injury (%) 5974 (85) 3238 (83) 1980 (86) 756 (89) <0.001 Injury Severity Score 20 (13–29) 19 (12–29) 22 (13–29) 21 (13–29) 0.002 Arrival systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) 122 (101–142) 124 (105–142) 120 (98–140) 122 (99–144) <0.001 Arrival heart rate (beats/min) 97 (81–114) 96 (81–114) 98 (82–115) 95 (80–113) 0.02 Arrival creatinine (mg/dL) 1.2 (0.9–1.4) 1 (0.9–1.2) 1.4 (1.2–1.6) 1.5 (1.3–1.9) <0.001 Arrival hemoglobin (g/dL) 12.9 (11.3–14.4) 13.2 (11.5–14.5) 12.7 (11–14.1) 12.5 (10.9–14) <0.001 Arrival base excess −4 (−1 to −8) −4 (−7 to −1) −5 (−8 to −2) −5 (−9 to −2) <0.001 Emergent operation required (%) 2188 (31) 1210 (31) 719 (31) 259 (31) 0.9 AKI incidence (%) 3153 (45) – – – – AKI on arrival (%) 2144 (31) 1526 (66) 640 (75) <0.001 AKI onset >48 h (%) 967 (14) 325 (14) 23 (6) <0.001 AKI duration 0 (0–1) 1 (1–2) 4 (3–6) <0.001 Highest AKI stage (%) – <0.001 No AKI 3896 (55) – – Stage 1 2082 (30) 1953 (85) 129 (15) Stage 2 636 (9) 300 (13) 336 (40) Stage 3 435 (6) 50 (2) 385 (45) Need for renal replacement therapy (%) 158 (2) – 0 158 (19) – LOS <1 week (%) 2245 (32) 1335 (34) 665 (29) 245 (29) <0.001 Discharged (%) 1770 (25) 1128 (29) 474 (21) 168 (20) Mortality (%) 475 (7) 207 (5) 191 (8) 77 (9) Discharge disposition (%) <0.001 Home 3525 (50) 2131 (55) 1084 (47) 310 (36) Rehabilitation 1057 (15) 609 (16) 347 (15) 101 (12) LTC or SNF 1153 (16) 504 (13) 231 (10) 231 (27) Death 706 (10) 303 (8) 255 (11) 148 (17) Other 608 (9) 349 (9) 386 (17) 60 (7) Hospital-free days 17 (4–24) 18 (7–24) 16 (3–22) 12 (0–22) <0.001 In-hospital mortality (%) 706 (10) 303 (8) 255 (11) 148 (17) <0.001 Continuous data presented as median (IQR).
*Kruskal-Wallis or χ2 test comparing three AKI groups.
AKI, acute kidney injury; LOS, length of stay; LTC, long-term care facility; SNF, skilled nursing facility.
- Table 2
Association between AKI metrics and outcomes on multivariable analyses
AKI incidence AKI stage (per stage) AKI duration (per day) Prolonged hospitalization among survivors 1.27 (1.14 to 1.41), p<0.001 1.23 (1.17 to 1.30), p<0.001 1.04 (1.02 to 1.08), p=0.005 Discharge destination other than home 1.06 (1.01 to 1.11), p=0.03 1.07 (1.05 to 1.10), p<0.001 1.03 (1.01 to 1.04), p<0.001 Mortality 1.21 (1.05 to 1.40), p=0.008 1.24 (1.15 to 1.33), p<0.001 1.34 (1.22 to 1.44), p<0.001 Findings reported as rate ratios (95% CI).
Adjusted for arrival systolic blood pressure, Injury Severity Score, and patient age.
AKI, acute kidney injury.
Importance of duration of acute kidney injury after severe trauma: a cohort study
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