Keller et al (2016)5/Retro cohort | Davis, California | 52 (26 cryo) | Direct | Thoracic epidural | + | n/a | + | + | − (>displaced bar) | Low |
Harbaugh et al (2018)6/Retro cohort | Ann Arbor, Michigan | 31 (19 cryo) | Direct | Thoracic epidural | + | − | − | − | − | Low |
Morikawa et al (2018)7/Retro cohort | Honolulu, Hawaii | 19 (6 cryo) | Direct | No cryo | + | − | + | − | − | Low |
Sujka et al (2018)8/Retro cohort | Kansas City, Missouri | 28 (9 cryo) | Direct | PCA or epidural | + | + (POD 0 and 2) | + | + | − | Low |
Graves et al (2019)9/RCT | San Francisco, California | 20 (10 cryo) | Direct | Thoracic epidural | + | − | + | + | − | High |
Pilkington et al (2020)10/Retro cohort | Ann Arbor, Michigan | 29 (9 cryo) | Direct | Thoracic epidural | + | + (POD 2) | − | − | − | Moderate |
Dekonenko et al (2020)11/Prospective cohort | Kansas City, Missouri | 100 (35 cryo) | Direct | Epidural, PCA | + | + (POD 0) | + | + | n/a | Moderate |
Cadaval Gallardo et al (2020)12/Descriptive | Sevilla, Spain | 21 | Direct | None | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | Very low |
Zobel et al (2020)13/Retro cohort | San Francisco, California | 43 | Direct | Adult vs. pediatric | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | Low |