External cause of injury (no, %)* | | | | | |
Motor vehicle collision | 80 (76.2) | 14 (63.6) | 39 (79.6) | 182 (72.5) | 315 (73.8) | 0.47 |
Other transport collisions | 1–5† | 1–5† | 1–5† | 19 (7.6) | 29 (6.8) | 0.74 |
Person struck | 1–5† | 1–5† | 1–5† | 9 (3.6) | 15 (3.5) | 0.99 |
Fall from height | 13 (12.4) | 1–5† | 1–5† | 24 (9.6) | 42 (9.8) | 0.67 |
Other | 1–5† | 1–5† | 1–5† | 18 (7.2) | 28 (6.6) | 0.07 |
Injury Severity Score (median, IQR) | 34 (29–48) | 38 (29–45) | 38 (29–45) | 29 (20–36) | 30 (24–41) | <0.01 |
Associated injuries (no, %)* | | | | | | |
Skull fracture and/or traumatic brain injury | 45 (42.9) | 1–5† | 14–18† | 81 (32.3) | 145 (34.0) | 0.12 |
Cervical spine fracture and/or cervical spinal cord injury | 18 (17.1) | 1–5† | 2–6† | 37 (14.7) | 62 (14.5) | 0.46 |
Severe chest injury | 18 (17.1) | 9 (40.9) | 9 (18.4) | 24 (9.6) | 60 (14.1) | <0.01 |
Severe abdominal visceral injury | 29 (27.6) | 1–5† | 13–17† | 41 (16.3) | 88 (20.6) | 0.07 |
Open fracture of a long bone | 16 (15.2) | 1–5† | 10–14† | 22 (8.8) | 53 (12.4) | 0.02 |
Grade of aortic injury (no, %) | | | | | | |
Grade I: intimal tear | 37–41† | 1–5† | 12–16† | 88 (35.1) | 141 (33.0) | 0.03 |
Grade II: intramural hematoma | 14–18† | 1–5† | 8–12† | 10 (4.0) | 36 (8.4) | <0.01 |
Grade III: contained transection or pseudoaneurysm | 1–5† | 1–5† | 1–5† | 13 (5.2) | 23 (5.4) | 0.06 |
Grade IV: uncontained transection (rupture) | 32–36† | 10 (45.5) | 11–15† | 2–6† | 61 (14.3) | <0.01 |
Thoracic aortic injury not further specified | 1–5† | 0 (0.0) | 1–5† | 21 (8.4) | 27 (6.3) | 0.12 |