Article Figures & Data
Tables
- Table 1
Demographic and injury characteristics by admission fibrinogen levels
Fibrinogen <150 mg/dL (n=20) Fibrinogen 150 mg/dL to 200 mg/dL (n=76) Fibrinogen >200 mg/dL (n=321) P value Age, md (IQR) 25 (21.5–32.5) 30 (24.0–40.5) 43 (27–55) <0.001 Blunt mechanism of injury, n (%) 5 (25) 45 (54.2) 238 (74.1) 0.03 Land transport, n (%) 8 (40) 46.0 (60.5) 189.0 (58.9) 0.23 Admission SI, mn (SD) 1.2 (1.03) 0.94 (0.46) 0.73 (0.29) <0.001 Admission GCS, md (IQR) 3 (2-7) 14 (4–15) 14 (7–15) <0.001 ISS, md (IQR) 34 (25–41) 27.0 (21.0–34.5) 26 (19–30) 0.001 Lactate (mmol/L), md (IQR) 6.1 (4.8–11.5) 5.2 (3.6–8.6) 3.5 (2.6–4.9) <0.001 Platelets (×1000 /µL), mn (SD) 178.6 (54.3) 223.2 (81.7) 240.4 (68.2) 0.003 INR, md (IQR) 1.8 (1.6–2.0) 1.2 (1.1–1.4) 1.1 (1.0–1.2) 0.001 Demographics and injury characteristics by admission fibrinogen <150, 150–200, and >200.
GCS, Glasgow Coma Scale; INR, international normalized ratio; ISS, Injury Severity Score; md, median; mn, mean; n (%), frequency, percent; SI, Shock Index.
- Table 2
Study population by 28-day mortality
Died (n=65) Alive (n=352) P value Age, md (IQR) 53.5 (31.0–72.0) 35 (26–51) <0.01 Male, n (%) 61 (93.8) 293 (83.2) 0.03 Land transport, n (%) 32 (49.2) 142 (40.3) 0.18 Blunt mechanism of injury, n (%) 52 (80.0) 246 (69.9) 0.1 Admission SI, mn (SD) 0.87 (0.7) 0.79 (0.4) 0.22 GCS, md (IQR) 4 (3-8) 14 (9–15) <0.01 ISS, md (IQR) 30 (25–35) 26 (19–30) <0.01 Lactate (mmol/dL), md (IQR) 3.5 (2.2–7.0) 3.9 (2.8–5.7) 0.55 Fibrinogen <0.01 <150 mg/dL, n (%) 9 (13.8) 11 (3.1) 150 mg/dL to 200 mg/dL, n (%) 13 (20.0) 63 (17.9) >200 mg/dL, n (%) 43 (66.2) 278 (79.0) GCS, Glasgow Coma Scale; ISS, Injury Severity Score; md, median; mn, mean; MOF, multiple organ failure; n (%), frequency, percent; SI, Shock Index.
- Table 3
Demographic, injury and coagulation data by death due to TBI
Death due to TBI (n=48) Non-TBI related death (n=17) P value Age, md (IQR) 55.5 (36.0–73.0) 35.0 (27.0–55.0) 0.09 Male, n (%) 2 (4.2) 2 (11.8) 0.27 Blunt Mechanism of Injury, n (%) 40 (83.3) 12 (70.6) 0.26 Land Transport, n (%) 22 (52.1) 7 (41.2) 0.44 Admission SI, md (IQR) 0.53 (0.4–0.95) 1.04 (0.82–1.16) 0.01 ISS, md (IQR) 29.0 (25.0–33.5) 35.0 (30.0–50.0) 0.02 Lactate (mmol/dL), md (IQR) 3.3 (2.0–5.5) 8.4 (3.1–11.8) 0.01 Platelets (×1000/µL), mn (SD) 213.3 (75.4) 194.6 (83.1) 0.4 INR, md (IQR) 1.2 (1.1–1.6) 1.2 (1.1–1.6) 0.88 Fibrinogen, n (%) 0.15 <150 mg/dL 34 (70.8) 9 (52.9) 150–200 mg/dL 9 (18.8) 4 (23.5) >200 mg/dL 5 (10.4) 4 (23.5) INR, international normalized ratio; ISS, Injury Severity Score; md, median; mn, mean; n (%), frequency, percent; SI, Shock Index; TBI, traumatic brain injury.
- Table 4
Multivariable logistic regression assessing risk of 28-day mortality
OR 95% CI P value Age 1.06 1.04 to 1.08 <0.001 ISS 1.04 1.01 to 1.07 0.001 GCS 0.80 0.75 to 0.86 <0.001 Fibrinogen >200 mg/dL Reference 150 mg/dL to 200 mg/dL 1.80 0.77 to 4.24 0.32 <150 mg/dL 4.91 1.53 to 15.7 0.02 Multivariable logistic regression model for risk of 28-day mortality.
GCS, Glasgow Coma Scale; ISS, Injury Severity Score.
- Table 5
Admission fibrinogen levels and secondary outcomes
Fibrinogen <150 mg/dL (n=20) Fibrinogen 150 mg/dL to 200 mg/dL (n=76) Fibrinogen >200 mg/dL (n=321) P value MOF, n (%) 4 (20) 6 (7.9) 18 (5.6) 0.04 CAT+ in first hour, n (%) 12 (60.0) 28 (36.8) 37 (11.5) <0.01 Total PRBCs in first 3 hours, md (IQR) 11.5 (4.5–16.5) 3.0 (0.0–8.0) 0.0 (0.0–3.0) <0.01 Total 24-hour PRBCs, md (IQR) 14.5 (5.0–29.5) 5.0 (0.0–9.5) 0.0 (0.0–3.0) <0.01 CAT, critical administration threshold; md, median; mn, mean; MOF, multiple organ failure; n (%), frequency, percent; PRBCs, packed red blood cells.
