Association of TIMP-3* and clinical outcomes after traumatic brain injury in univariate and multivariate logistic regression models
| Independent variables in model | For each 1000 pg/mL increase in TIMP-3OR (95% CI)† | P values |
| ARDS | ||
| TIMP-3 | 1.5 (1.1 to 2.1) | 0.006 |
| TIMP-3, shock by arrival base deficit‡ | 1.4 (1.0 to 1.9) | 0.031 |
| TIMP-3, vasopressor on day of admission | 1.6 (1.2 to 2.2) | 0.004 |
| TIMP-3, age>60 | 1.5 (1.1 to 2.1) | 0.005 |
| TIMP-3, GCS score | 1.5 (1.1 to 2.1) | 0.006 |
| TIMP-3, AIS Head score | 1.5 (1.1 to 2.0) | 0.009 |
| TIMP-3, platelet transfusion§ | 1.5 (1.1 to 2.1) | 0.006 |
| TIMP-3, pRBC transfusion§ | 1.5 (1.1 to 2.1) | 0.007 |
| TIMP-3, plasma transfusion§ | 1.6 (1.1 to 2.1) | 0.005 |
| TIMP-3, AIS Head score, male sex, age>60, crystalloid, platelet, blood, plasma transfusion§, shock‡ | 1.4 (1.0 to 2.0) | 0.036 |
| Death | ||
| TIMP-3 | 1.7 (1.2 to 2.3) | 0.002 |
| TIMP-3, shock by arrival base deficit‡ | 1.6 (1.2 to 2.2) | 0.005 |
| TIMP-3, vasopressor on day of admission | 1.7 (1.2 to 2.4) | 0.002 |
| TIMP-3, age>60 years | 1.7 (1.2 to 2.3) | 0.002 |
| TIMP-3, GCS score | 1.6 (1.2 to 2.3) | 0.005 |
| TIMP-3, AIS Head score | 1.7 (1.2 to 2.5) | 0.001 |
| TIMP-3, platelet transfusion§ | 1.7 (1.2 to 2.3) | 0.002 |
| TIMP-3, pRBC transfusion§ | 1.7 (1.2 to 2.3) | 0.002 |
| TIMP-3, plasma transfusion§ | 1.7 (1.3 to 2.4) | 0.001 |
| TIMP-3, AIS Head score, age>60 years, crystalloid,platelet, blood, plasma transfusion§, shock‡ | 1.9 (1.2 to 2.8) | 0.002 |
Models exclude subjects with AIS Head score=6 (non-survivable injury).
*Plasma sample obtained on arrival to the ED.
†Regression model output for scaled predictor variable is interpreted as the change in the OR for outcome of interest for each 1000 pg/mL increase in the plasma concentration of TIMP-3 on ED arrival, holding all other variables in the model constant.
‡Base deficit of <−4 on ED arrival arterial blood gas analysis.
§Adjusted models control for transfusion of blood products in the first 12 hours of admission.
AIS, Abbreviated Injury Scale; ARDS, acute respiratory distress syndrome; ED, emergency department; GCS, Glasgow Coma Scale score on ED arrival; pRBCs, packed red blood cells; TIMP-3, tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase 3.