Comparison between periods for the total study population
| Period 1 n=237 | Period 2 n=346 | P values | |
| Age (years) | 31 (23–42) | 36 (23–51) | 0.013 |
| Male (%) | 154 (65) | 225 (65) | 0.990 |
| Blunt (%) | 211 (89) | 312 (90) | 0.655 |
| BD (mmol/L) | 3.4 (1.6–6.2) | 3.6 (1.5–6.8) | 0.462 |
| SBP (mm Hg) | 115 (95–135) | 118 (95–138) | 0.901 |
| HR (bpm) | 99 (80–115) | 90 (78–110) | 0.009 |
| GCS score | 14 (8–15) | 15 (12–15) | 0.003 |
| Liver OIS grades 4 and 5, n (%) | 66 (28) | 83 (24) | 0.334 |
| AIS grades 4 and 5, n (%) | |||
| Head | 34 (14) | 62 (18) | 0.253 |
| Chest | 131 (55) | 174 (50) | 0.237 |
| Abdomen (liver injuries excluded) | 41 (17) | 59 (17) | 0.926 |
| ISS | 29 (18–42) | 29 (19–41) | 0.579 |
| Ps | 0.95 (0.73–0.99) | 0.96 (0.75–0.99) | 0.497 |
| Time injury to ED, min | 80 (35–128) | 68 (35–105) | 0.305 |
| Transfused patients, n (%) | 74 (31) | 100 (29) | 0.171 |
| Laparotomy, n (%) | 83 (35) | 82 (24) | 0.003 |
| OM therapeutic liver total, n (%) | 56 (24) | 50 (15) | 0.005 |
| NOM, n (%) | 154 (65) | 264 (76) | 0.003 |
| FNOM, n (%) | 2 (1) | 3 (1) | 0.883 |
| Angiography, n (%) | 74 (31) | 30 (9) | <0.001 |
| AE liver, n (%) | 27 (11) | 16 (5) | 0.002 |
| 30-day mortality, n (%) | 32 (14) | 25 (7) | 0.015 |
| Death from hemorrhage, n (%) | 19 (8) | 9 (3) | 0.003 |
AE, angioembolization; AIS, Abbreviated Injury Scale; BD, base deficit; bpm, beats per minute; ED, emergency department; FNOM, failure of non-operative management; GCS, Glasgow Coma Scale; HR, heart rate; ISS, Injury Severity Score; NOM, non-operative management; OIS, Organ Injury Scale; OM, operative management; Ps, probability of survival; SBP, systolic blood pressure.