Table 2

Multivariate analysis of variables predictive of hospital admission and death after an animal encounter resulting in an emergency department visit—USA, 2010–2014

	Hospital admission*			Death†
	OR	P values	95% CI	OR	P values	95% CI
Age group (years)
0–17	Referent	–	–	Referent	–	–
18–44	1.91	<0.001	1.70 to 2.14	1.31	0.4	0.67 to 2.56
45–64	3.63	<0.001	3.22 to 4.10	5.60	<0.001	2.91 to 10.77
65–74	3.48	<0.001	3.04 to 3.97	7.03	<0.001	2.77 to 17.86
75–84	4.54	<0.001	3.95 to 5.21	11.98	<0.001	4.84 to 29.64
>85	6.42	<0.001	5.57 to 7.40	27.71	<0.001	10.38 to 73.99
Sex
Female	0.77	<0.001	0.75 to 0.79	0.55	<0.001	0.41 to 0.73
Hospital region
Northeast	Referent	–	–	–	–	–
Mid-west	0.89	0.1	0.77 to 1.04	–	–	–
South	1.08	0.2	0.94 to 1.25	–	–	–
West	1.07	0.5	0.90 to 1.26	–	–	–
Payer status
Medicare	Referent	–	–	Referent	–	–
Medicaid	0.75	<0.001	0.71 to 0.79	0.73	0.4	0.33 to 1.60
Private insurance	0.67	<0.001	0.64 to 0.70	0.56	0.06	0.30 to 1.01
Self-pay	0.55	<0.001	0.52 to 0.58	0.79	0.5	0.40 to 1.56
No charge	1.69	<0.001	1.38 to 2.07	NA	NA	NA
Other	0.69	<0.001	0.63 to 0.75	0.75	0.5	0.36 to 1.59
Household income
0–25th	Referent	–	–	Referent	–	–
26th–50th	1.01	0.6	0.96 to 1.07	1.27	0.2	0.90 to 1.78
51st–75th	1.14	<0.001	1.06 to 1.23	1.11	0.6	0.74 to 1.66
76th–100th	1.25	<0.001	1.15 to 1.36	1.05	0.8	0.68 to 1.62
Injury location
Isolated head/neck	Referent	–	–	Referent	–	–
Isolated face	3.36	<0.001	2.57 to 4.37	1.30	0.8	0.18 to 9.16
Isolated chest	3.19	<0.001	2.55 to 3.99	0.78	0.7	0.20 to 3.03
Isolated abdomen	9.51	<0.001	7.61 to 11.89	5.15	0.01	1.39 to 18.99
Isolated extremity	2.19	<0.001	1.87 to 2.56	0.72	0.5	0.25 to 2.06
Isolated external	1.77	<0.001	1.48 to 2.12	0.10	0.04	0.01 to 0.85
Multiple body regions	0.44	<0.001	0.38 to 0.52	0.17	0.001	0.06 to 0.47
Injury Severity Score >15	14.63	<0.001	11.35 to 18.87	39.93	<0.001	12.36 to 87.74
Type of encounter
Venomous snakes and lizards	Referent	–	–	Referent	–	–
Venomous spiders	0.40	<0.001	0.35 to 0.45	0.98	1.0	0.36 to 2.70
Scorpions	0.04	<0.001	0.03 to 0.06	NA	NA	NA
Hornets, wasps, bees	0.04	<0.001	0.03 to 0.04	0.44	0.09	0.17 to 1.13
Centipede and venomous millipedes	0.06	<0.001	0.04 to 0.10	NA	NA	NA
Other venomous arthropods	0.07	<0.001	0.06 to 0.08	0.81	0.7	0.28 to 2.38
Venomous marine animals and plants	0.05	<0.001	0.04 to 0.07	NA	NA	NA
Other sting or bite, specified	0.12	<0.001	0.06 to 0.23	NA	NA	NA
Sting or venomous bite not otherwise specified	0.08	<0.001	0.06 to 0.09	0.78	0.7	0.18 to 3.29
Dog bite	0.09	<0.001	0.08 to 0.11	0.28	0.006	0.11 to 0.70
Rat bite	0.09	<0.001	0.07 to 0.11	1.38	0.7	0.27 to 7.14
Bite of non-venomous snake or lizard	0.06	<0.001	0.05	NA	NA	NA
Bite of other animals except arthropods	0.26	<0.001	0.23 to 0.30	0.22	0.004	0.08 to 0.61
Bite of non-venomous arthropods	0.08	<0.001	0.07 to 0.09	0.27	0.007	0.11 to 0.70
Bite by unspecified animal	0.08	<0.001	0.06 to 0.10	0.40	0.3	0.08 to 2.11
Other specified injury caused by animal	0.11	<0.001	0.10 to 0.12	0.28	0.02	0.09 to 0.83
Unspecified injury caused by animal	0.06	<0.001	0.04 to 0.07	0.14	0.08	0.01 to 1.23

NA, not applicable.
*Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve=0.772.
†Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve=0.858.