Multinomial logistic regression model for predictors of ED disposition of patients with TBI
| Reference (ref): discharged home | ||||||
| n=3940 | Admitted | Died | Others | |||
| Unadjusted cOR (95% CI) | Adjusted cOR (95% CI) | Unadjusted cOR (95% CI) | Adjusted cOR (95% CI) | Unadjusted cOR (95% CI) | Adjusted cOR (95% CI) | |
| Sex: male | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||
| Sex: female | 0.85 (0.70 to 1.04) | 0.87 (0.71 to 1.08) | 1.01 (0.60 to 1.72) | 1.17 (0.65 to 2.10) | 0.98 (0.77 to 1.25) | 1.00 (0.78 to 1.59) |
| Age categories: 0–18 years | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||
| 19–45 | 1.15 (0.95 to 1.38) | 1.14 (0.94 to 1.39) | 1.44 (0.83 to 2.5) | 1.56 (0.86 to 2.86) | 0.99 (0.79 to 1.25) | 0.99 (0.78 to 1.25) |
| >45 | 1.22 (0.92 to 1.60) | 1.23 (0.93 to 1.64) | 1.08 (0.46 to 2.5) | 1.33 (0.54 to 3.23) | 0.82 (0.57 to 1.17) | 0.80 (0.55 to 1.15) |
| Injury circumstances | ||||||
| Area of residence: urban | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||
| Rural | 0.98 (0.95 to 1.01) | 0.98 (0.95 to 1.01) | 0.55 (0.37 to 0.83)* | 0.54 (0.35 to 0.83)* | 0.99 (0.97 to 1.02) | 0.99 (0.97 to 1.02) |
| Place of injuries: home | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||
| Occupational area | 1.14 (0.83 to 1.57) | 1.16 (0.83 to 1.63) | 1.82 (0.74 to 4.5) | 2.25 (0.85 to 6.0) | 1.38 (0.92 to 2.07) | 1.47 (0.97 to 2.24) |
| Street/Highway | 1.14 (0.9 to 1.46) | 1.01 (0.76 to 1.34) | 1.44 (0.9 to 1.46) | 1.63 (0.67 to 3.95) | 1.28 (0.93 to 1.75) | 1.23 (0.86 to 1.77) |
| Others | 1.03 (0.67 to 1.58) | 1.01 (0.64 to 1.57) | 0.64 (0.13 to 3.13) | 0.50 (0.10 to 2.70) | 1.25 (0.73 to 2.13) | 1.21 (0.70 to 2.09) |
| Mode of arrival: private vehicle | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||
| Ambulance | 0.97 (0.8 to 1.17) | 0.99 (0.83 to 1.21) | 1.4 (0.86 to 2.29) | 1.54 (0.90 to 2.62) | 1.03 (0.81 to 1.32) | 1.06 (0.83 to 1.35) |
| Police vehicle | 1.02 (0.85 to 1.22) | 1.04 (0.86 to 1.27) | 0.99 (0.6 to 1.6) | 1.12 (0.64 to 1.98) | 1.08 (0.86 to 1.36) | 1.11 (0.88 to 1.35) |
| Motorcycle taxi | 1.26 (0.94 to 1.67) | 1.32 (0.98 to 1.78) | 0.26 (0.06 to 1.13) | 0.28 (0.06 to 1.24) | 1.29 (0.9 to 1.83) | 1.32 (0.92 to 1.89) |
| Others | 0.9 (0.54 to 1.5) | 0.91 (0.54 to 1.54) | 0.42 (0.05 to 3.22) | 0.41 (0.05 to 3.27) | 1.25 (0.7 to 2.24) | 1.21 (0.67 to 2.20) |
| Transport time <30 min | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||
| 30 min–1 hour | 1.11 (0.89 to 1.39) | 1.21 (0.96 to 1.52) | 0.61 (0.33 to 1.14) | 0.68 (0.35–1.32) | 1.07 (0.80 to 1.42) | 1.15 (0.86 to 1.54) |
| >1–2 hours | 1.04 (0.83 to 1.32) | 1.08 (0.85 to 1.38) | 0.66 (0.35 to 1.25) | 0.65 (0.33 to 1.29) | 1.16 (0.87 to 1.56) | 1.22 (0.91 to 1.64) |
| >2–6 hours | 1.14 (0.89 to 1.45) | 1.15 (0.89 to 1.47) | 1.46 (0.83 to 2.58) | 1.36 (0.73 to 2.54) | 1.29 (0.95 to 1.75) | 1.31 (0.96 to 1.78) |
| >6–24 hours | 1.19 (0.87 to 1.63) | 1.21 (0.87 to 1.67) | 0.88 (0.38 to 2.05) | 0.95 (0.39 to 2.32) | 1.71 (1.17 to 2.46)* | 1.76 (1.21 to 2.57)* |
| >24 hours | 1.15 (0.22 to 1.3.62) | 1.23 (0.89 to 1.70) | 0.21 (0.05 to 0.92)* | 0.26 (0.06 to 1.20) | 1.11 (0.74 to 1.65) | 1.17 (0.78 to 1.76) |
| Injury characteristics and severity | ||||||
| Cause of TBI: RTI | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||
| Falls | 0.79 (0.59 to 1.05) | 0.81 (0.58 to 1.12) | 1.15 (0.57 to 2.32) | 1.98 (0.82 to 4.73) | 0.96 (0.68 to 1.35) | 1.06 (0.72 to 1.57) |
| Intentional Injuries | 0.87 (0.74 to 1.02) | 0.83 (0.69 to 0.99)* | 0.88 (0.56 to 1.38) | 0.91 (0.53 to 1.56) | 0.82 (0.67 to 1.00) | 0.81 (0.64 to 1.01) |
| Others | 0.81 (0.58 to 1.14) | 0.81 (0.57 to 1.17) | 1.06 (0.44 to 2.54) | 1.46 (0.55 to 3.83) | 1.08 (0.72 to 1.60) | 1.12 (0.74 to 1.71) |
| Type of head injury: open | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||
| Closed | 0.93 (0.81 to 1.10) | 0.91 (0.78 to 1.06) | 0.77 (0.51 to 1.15) | 0.68 (0.44 to 1.05) | 1.02 (0.85 to 1.23) | 0.99 (0.82 to 1.20) |
| Others | 1.27 (0.52 to 3.09) | 0.98 (0.39 to 2.44) | 2.73 (0.56 to 13.26) | 1.22 (0.21 to 7.21) | 1.38 (0.47 to 4.04) | 1.26 (0.43 to 3.73) |
| GCS on arrival: 13–15 | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||
| GCS 9–12 | 1.03 (0.86 to 1.23) | 1.48 (1.18 to 1.86)* | 1.04 (0.64 to 1.68) | 3.04 (1.69 to 5.46)* | 0.78 (0.62 to 0.98)* | 0.98 (0.74 to 1.31) |
| GCS ≤8 | 0.99 (0.81 to 1.21) | 1.75 (1.32 to 2.33)* | 1.07 (0.63 to 1.82) | 9.65 (4.22 to 22.07)* | 0.88 (0.68 to 1.12) | 1.23 (0.87 to 1.75) |
| Change in GCS: none | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||
| GCS dropped | 2.89 (2.37 to 3.52)* | 2.92 (2.38 to 3.57)* | 31.82 (13.72 to 73.76)* | 31.2 (13.23 to 73.56)* | 1.54 (1.21 to 1.96)* | 1.63 (1.27 to 2.09)* |
| GCS improved | 1.11 (0.94 to 1.32) | 0.87 (0.70 to 1.10) | 1.5 (0.56 to 4.02) | 0.50 (0.17 to 1.49) | 0.85 (0.70 to 1.04) | 0.86 (0.66 to 1.13) |
| Number of serious injuries: none | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||
| One | 0.94 (0.80 to 1.13) | 0.94 (0.77 to 1.15) | 1.83 (0.98 to 3.40) | 1.69 (0.86 to 3.43) | 0.77 (0.62 to 0.95)* | 0.81 (0.64 to 1.02) |
| Two or more | 1.24 (0.78 to 1.99) | 1.17 (0.71 to 1.91) | 5.56 (2.11 to 14.62)* | 4.52 (1.54 to 13.25)* | 0.78 (0.42 to 1.46) | 0.74 (0.39 to 1.38) |
| Kampala Trauma Score | 0.96 (0.93 to 0.99)* | 0.94 (0.90 to 0.98)* | 1.00 (0.91 to 1.10) | 0.87 (0.78 to 0.98)* | 0.95 (0.91 to 0.98)* | 0.96 (0.91 to 1.01) |
| Revised Trauma Score | 0.98 (0.93 to 1.02) | 1.01 (0.95 to 1.06) | 0.99 (0.87 to 1.12) | 1.06 (0.90 to 1.24) | 0.99 (0.94 to 1.05) | 0.99 (0.93 to 1.06) |
cOR, conditional OR; ED, emergency department; GCS, Glasgow Coma Scale; RTI, road traffic injury; TBI, traumatic brain injury.
*P value <0.05