Preoperative echocardiographic parameters
| Mild AS (AVA >1.5 cm2) | Moderate AS (AVA 1.0–1.5 cm2) | Severe AS (AVA <1.0 cm2) | Controls | P value | |
| Peak aortic gradient, mean±SD | 25.7±5 | 47.1±10.1 | 84.8±22.3 | – | <0.0001 |
| Aortic regurgitation, n (%) | |||||
| Moderate | 6 (9) | 17 (36.1) | 17 (53.1) | 36 (12) | NS |
| Severe | 1 (1.5) | 7 (13.9) | 4 (12.5) | 9 (3.1) | |
| Mitral regurgitation, n (%) | |||||
| Moderate | 12 (18.2) | 10 (21.3) | 18 (56.3) | 31 (10) | <0.05 |
| Severe | 1 (1.5) | 4 (8.5) | 7 (21.9) | 10 (4) | |
| LVEF, n (%) | |||||
| >55% | 51 (77.3) | 40 (85.1) | 23 (71.9) | 231 (82) | NS |
| 36%–54% | 12 (18.2) | 7 (14.9) | 7 (21.9) | 52 (18) | |
| <35% | 3 (4.5) | 0 | 1 (3.1) | ||
| Systolic pulmonary artery pressure, n (%) | |||||
| <40 mm Hg | 72 (83.4) | 28 (59.6.6) | 20 (62.5) | 182 (65) | 0.0001 |
| 40–60 mm Hg | 8 (12.1) | 16 (34) | 9 (28.1) | 98 (34) | |
| >60 mm Hg | 3 (4.5) | 3 (6.4) | 3 (9.4) | 3 (1) | |
| LVH, n (%) | 18 (27.3) | 21 (44.7) | 22 (68.8) | 36 (12) | 0.0005 |
AS, aortic stenosis; AVA, aortic valve area; LEVF, left ventricular ejection fraction; LVH, left ventricular hypertrophy.