Clinical characteristics of patients by location of fistula and etiology
| Clinical data | Proximal vs. distal | |
| Etiology | Operation | |
| Trauma | Gunshot wound | Distal |
| Acute care | Mesenteric ischemia | Distal |
| Acute care | Mesenteric ischemia | Proximal |
| Trauma | Gunshot wound | Distal |
| Trauma | Gunshot wound | Proximal |
| Acute care | Internal hernia | Distal |
| Acute care | Internal hernia | Proximal |
| Trauma | Gunshot wound | Proximal |
| Acute care | Colonic necrosis | Distal |
| Trauma | Gunshot wound | Proximal |
| Acute care | Small bowel perforation | Proximal |
| Acute care | Cecal perforation | Proximal |
| Acute care | Mesenteric ischemia | Proximal |