Variable | Unmatched analysis | Exact matched analysis | P value | ||||
Values | Not African–American (n=519 618) | African–American (n=82 150) | P values | Not African–American (n=56 161) | African–American (n=56 161) | ||
Age | Median (Q1 to Q3) | 57 (37 to 74) | 37 (25 to 55) | <0.001 | 42 (27 to 59) | 42(27 to 59) | 1 |
Sex | Female | 197 616 (38) | 20 014 (24.4) | <0.001 | 14 808 (26.4) | 14 808 (26.4) | 1 |
Male | 322 002 (62) | 62 136 (75.6) | 41 353 (73.6) | 41 353 (73.6) | |||
Hypotension | 0 | 503 073 (96.8) | 77 937 (94.9) | <0.001 | 55 546 (98.9) | 55 546 (98.9) | 1 |
1 | 16 545 (3.2) | 4213 (5.1) | 615 (1.1) | 615 (1.1) | |||
ISS | Median (Q1 to Q3) | 12 (9 to 17) | 12 (9 to 18) | <0.001 | 10 (9 to 17) | 10 (9 to 17) | 1 |
GCS score | Median (Q1 to Q3) | 15 (15 to 15) | 15 (14 to 15) | <0.001 | 15 (15 to 15) | 15 (15 to 15) | 1 |
Injury type | Blunt | 495 856 (95.4) | 56 859 (69.2) | <0.001 | 46 300 (82.4) | 46 300 (82.4) | 1 |
Penetrating | 23 762 (4.6) | 25 291 (30.8) | 9861 (17.6) | 9861 (17.6) | |||
Insurance | Blue Cross/Blue Shield | 23 915 (4.6) | 2181 (2.7) | <0.001 | 1433 (2.6) | 1433 (2.6) | 1 |
Medicaid | 49 081 (9.4) | 19 469 (23.7) | 11 558 (20.6) | 11 558 (20.6) | |||
Medicare | 175 971 (33.9) | 13 101 (15.9) | 11 175 (19.9) | 11 175 (19.9) | |||
No fault automobile | 25 867 (5) | 2937 (3.6) | 2086 (3.7) | 2086 (3.7) | |||
Not billed (for any reason) | 1245 (0.2) | 492 (0.6) | 126 (0.2) | 126 (0.2) | |||
Other | 15 181 (2.9) | 2721 (3.3) | 1420 (2.5) | 1420 (2.5) | |||
Other government | 11 893 (2.3) | 2573 (3.1) | 1422 (2.5) | 1422 (2.5) | |||
Private/commercial insurance | 152 989 (29.4) | 18 005 (21.9) | 14 039 (25) | 14 039 (25) | |||
Self-pay | 54 497 (10.5) | 19 887 (24.2) | 12 353 (22) | 12 353 (22) | |||
Workers’ compensation | 8979 (1.7) | 784 (1) | 549 (1) | 549 (1) | |||
ACS trauma level | <0.001 | 1 | |||||
I | 349 881 (67.3) | 64 041 (78) | 44 347 (79) | 44 347 (79) | |||
II | 169 737 (32.7) | 18 109 (22) | 11 814 (21) | 11 814 (21) |
Hypotension denotes a systolic blood pressure of <90 mm Hg.
ACS, American College of Surgeons; GCS, Glasgow Coma Scale; ISS, Injury Severity Score.