Comparison of clinical and procedure factors and outcomes between non-target zone placement and target zone placement.
| Non-target zone placement (n=11) | Target zone placement (n=27) | P value | |
| Patient characteristics | |||
| Sex (male), n (%) | 10 (90.9) | 17 (63.0) | 0.124 |
| Age (years) ≥65, n (%) | 0 (0) | 5 (18.5) | 0.295 |
| Blunt mechanism, n (%) | 11 (100) | 24 (88.9) | 0.542 |
| SBP <80, n (%) | 7 (63.6) | 14 (51.9) | 0.721 |
| GCS 3–8, n (%) | 6 (54.5) | 15 (55.6) | 1.000 |
| ISS ≥40, n (%) | 6 (54.5) | 9 (33.3) | 0.285 |
| DOA, n (%) | 2 (18.2) | 4 (14.8) | 1.000 |
| Major bleeding source | |||
| Chest, n (%) | 1 (9.1) | 2 (7.4) | 0.097 |
| Abdominal, n (%) | 2 (18.2) | 15 (55.6) | |
| Pelvis, n (%) | 7 (63.6) | 7 (25.9) | |
| Others, n (%) | 1 (9.1) | 3 (11.1) | |
| Technical characteristics | |||
| Femoral approach side (right), n (%) | 6 (54.5) | 23 (85.2) | 0.088 |
| Operator specialty* | |||
| Surgeon, n (%) | 7 (63.0) | 17 (63.6) | 1.000 |
| Radiologist, n (%) | 4 (37.0) | 10 (36.4) | |
| Operator seniority† | |||
| Resident (PGY 3–5), n (%) | 1 (9.1) | 4 (14.8) | 0.241 |
| Junior faculty (PGY 6–10), n (%) | 1 (9.1) | 9 (33.3) | |
| Senior faculty (PGY 11–), n (%) | 9 (81.8) | 14 (51.9) | |
| Switch from resuscitative thoracotomy, n (%) | 1 (9.1) | 8 (29.6) | 0.237 |
| REBOA catheter size | |||
| 10 Fr sheath, n (%) | 8 (72.7) | 15 (55.6)) | 0.160 |
| 7 Fr sheath, n (%) | 3 (27.3) | 12 (44.4)) | |
| Clinical outcomes | |||
| REBOA-related complications, n (%) | 0 (0) | 2 (7.4) | 0.542 |
| 24-hour mortality, n (%) | 4 (36.4) | 15 (55.6) | 0.476 |
| In-hospital mortality, n (%) | 4 (36.4) | 18 (66.7) | 0.147 |
Categorical variables are presented as number (%).
*Seven surgeons and four radiologists performed REBOA procedures.
†One resident, five junior faculties, and nine senior faculties performed REBOA procedures. Postgraduate year was recorded when each operator performed the procedure as this was a long-term study.
DOA, dead on arrival; GCS, Glasgow Coma Scale; ISS, injury severity score; REBOA, resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta; SBP, systolic blood pressure.