1. | Patient or his/her relative giving history of direct trauma to the torso |
2. | Signs and symptoms of direct trauma to the torso: |
General examination | Pallor Tachycardia/bradycardia Hypotension Distended/collapsed neck veins Changes in mental status Cyanosis |
Chest examination | Bruises, contusion or laceration on the chest Unequal/restricted chest movement Tracheal deviation Intercostal/subcostal indrawing Chest tenderness Hyper-resonant/dull note on percussion Absent/diminished breath sound Muffled heart sound |
Abdominal examination | Abdominal distension Bruises, contusion and laceration on the abdomen, flank or back Tenderness in the abdomen Rebound tenderness Absent bowel sound Unexplained abdominal pain |
*If any one of the positive chest or abdominal examination findings or general examination findings with either one of abdominal or chest examination findings in table 1.