Non-flail segment study population
| Variable | Operative (n=18) | Non-operative (n=72) | P value | Test |
| Characteristics | ||||
| Age (years) | 60 (46 to 68) | 60 (45.5 to 68.5) | >0.999 | Mann-Whitney U |
| ISS | 17 (17 to 21) | 19 (16 to 29) | 0.347 | Mann-Whitney U |
| Number of rib fractures | 10 (6 to 15) | 10 (6 to 14) | 0.565 | Mann-Whitney U |
| Bilateral rib fractures | 11 (61.1) | 49 (68.1) | 0.576 | χ2 |
| Displaced rib fracture | 16 (88.9) | 47 (65.3) | 0.050 | χ2 |
| First Rib Fracture | 7 (38.9) | 20 (27.8) | 0.358 | χ2 |
| Sternum Fracture | 2 (11.1) | 21 (29.2) | 0.142 | Fisher’s exact |
| Clavicle fracture | 6 (33.3) | 10 (13.9) | 0.081 | Fisher’s exact |
| Outcomes | ||||
| Ventilator days | 0 (0 to 6) | 0 (0 to 7) | 0.8553 | Mann-Whitney U |
| Hospital days | 12 (8 to 19) | 9 (3.5 to 20) | 0.21 | Mann-Whitney U |
| ICU days | 7 (4 to 12) | 4 (2 to 12) | 0.1523 | Mann-Whitney U |
| Number of RBC units administered | 0 (0 to 0) | 0 (0 to 1.5) | 0.5244 | Mann-Whitney U |
| Severe ARDS | 0 (0) | 6 (8.3) | 0.3427 | Fisher’s exact |
| Pneumonia | 5 (27.8) | 11 (15.3) | 0.2985 | Fisher’s exact |
ARDS, acute respiratory distress syndrome; ICU, intensive care unit; ISS, Injury Severity Score; RBC, red blood cell.