Individual and neighborhood characteristics associated with police transport in patients with penetrating injury, Philadelphia, 2006–2015
| OR | 95% CI | |
| Patient characteristic | ||
| Driving time in minutes, home zip code to nearest trauma center | 0.99 | 0.96 to 1.02 |
| Location | ||
| Public place | 3.45** | 2.88 to 4.13 |
| Home | Ref | |
| Race/ethnicity | ||
| Black | 1.50** | 1.2 to 1.88 |
| Hispanic | 1.38* | 1.05 to 1.82 |
| Asian | 1.35 | 0.81 to 2.26 |
| Other | 1.73** | 1.28 to 2.35 |
| White | Ref | |
| Gender | ||
| Female | 1.03 | 0.85 to 1.26 |
| Male | Ref | |
| Mechanism of injury | ||
| Firearm | 1.58** | 1.19 to 2.10 |
| Cut/stabbed | Ref | |
| Year | 1.18** | 1.16 to 1.20 |
| Time of injury | ||
| Late night (22:00–04:00) | 1.48** | 1.30 to 1.69 |
| Day | Ref | |
| Age | 1.00 | 0.99 to 1.00 |
| Low GSC on arrival | 1.18* | 1.02 to 1.37 |
| Hypotensive on arrival | 1.16* | 1.01 to 1.33 |
| Injury Severity Score | 1.00 | 1.00 to 1.01 |
| Neighborhood characteristics | ||
| Fire stations (n) | 1.32** | 1.20 to 1.44 |
| Aggravated assault rate | 0.74 | 0.54 to 1.01 |
| Narcotic arrest rate | 1.11 | 0.85 to 1.45 |
| Percent of Black population | 1.18** | 1.05 to 1.32 |
| Percent of vacant housing units | 1.40** | 1.20 to 1.64 |
| Percent of population living at or below poverty | 0.96 | 0.77 to 1.20 |
*P<0.05; **p<0.01.
GCS, Glasgow Coma Scale.