Patient characteristic | Admitting service | ||||
All | Trauma | Orthopedic | Other | P value | |
n | 10 182 | 3347 | 2750 | 4085 | |
Age, mean (SD) | 82.7 (8.6) | 82.9 (8.4) | 81.9 (8.7) | 82.9 (8.5) | <0.001 |
Age (%) | <0.001 | ||||
65–74 years | 21.2 | 19.5 | 24.4 | 20.3 | |
75–84 years | 33.8 | 34.8 | 33.9 | 33.0 | |
≥85 years | 45.0 | 45.7 | 41.7 | 46.6 | |
Male (%) | 31.3 | 30.6 | 30.3 | 32.6 | 0.1 |
Race (%) | <0.001 | ||||
White | 91.0 | 87.4 | 93.2 | 92.4 | |
Black | 6.8 | 10.1 | 4.6 | 5.5 | |
Other | 2.3 | 2.5 | 2.2 | 2.1 | |
Injury Severity Score (%) | <0.001 | ||||
9 | 78.0 | 72.6 | 82.4 | 79.4 | |
10 | 21.5 | 26.2 | 17.5 | 20.3 | |
11 | 0.6 | 1.3 | 0.1 | 0.3 | |
AIS head/neck=1 (%) | 0.6 | 1.6 | 0.04 | 0.3 | <0.001 |
AIS chest=1 (%) | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.1 |
AIS abdomen=1 (%) | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.0 | 0.02 | 0.7 |
ED heart rate (%) | <0.001 | ||||
51–120 bpm | 92.0 | 92.8 | 92.2 | 91.2 | |
>120 bpm | 1.3 | 1.3 | 0.6 | 1.7 | |
0–50 bpm | 0.8 | 0.9 | 0.7 | 0.9 | |
Missing | 5.9 | 5.0 | 6.6 | 6.2 | |
ED systolic blood pressure (%) | 0.2 | ||||
>90 mm Hg | 93.2 | 93.9 | 92.7 | 92.9 | |
61–90 mm Hg | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.4 | 0.8 | |
≤60 mm Hg | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | |
Missing | 6.2 | 5.4 | 6.8 | 6.3 | |
Glasgow Coma Scale motor (%) | <0.001 | ||||
1 | 0.1 | 0.03 | 0.0 | 0.1 | |
2–5 | 1.4 | 2.0 | 0.7 | 1.5 | |
6 | 83.0 | 82.3 | 84.5 | 82.6 | |
Missing | 15.5 | 15.7 | 14.8 | 15.8 | |
Transfer in (%) | 10.9 | 4.3 | 13.6 | 14.7 | <0.001 |
Intubated (%) | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.2 |
Comorbid diseases (%) | |||||
Active chemotherapy | 1.0 | 0.9 | 0.7 | 1.3 | <0.1 |
Advanced directive limiting care | 12.6 | 9.7 | 8.4 | 18.0 | <0.001 |
Alcohol use disorder | 2.3 | 2.2 | 1.9 | 2.6 | 0.1 |
Angina | 0.9 | 0.5 | 0.7 | 1.4 | <0.001 |
Bleeding risk | 24.7 | 29.0 | 19.2 | 24.8 | <0.001 |
Cerebrovascular accident | 6.3 | 6.6 | 6.0 | 6.2 | 0.6 |
COPD | 13.4 | 12.2 | 10.2 | 16.5 | <0.001 |
Chronic renal failure | 2.2 | 2.3 | 1.2 | 2.7 | <0.001 |
Congestive heart failure | 10.0 | 10.2 | 8.2 | 11.1 | <0.001 |
Current smoker | 9.8 | 10.7 | 9.2 | 9.4 | 0.1 |
Dementia | 26.7 | 29.1 | 21.2 | 28.5 | <0.001 |
Diabetes mellitus | 20.2 | 20.7 | 18.6 | 21.0 | <0.1 |
Disseminated cancer | 1.1 | 1.0 | 1.1 | 1.3 | 0.5 |
Drug use disorder | 1.2 | 1.7 | 0.9 | 0.9 | <0.01 |
Functionally dependent health status | 49.4 | 54.1 | 38.6 | 52.8 | <0.001 |
History of myocardial infarction | 0.9 | 1.1 | 0.7 | 0.9 | 0.3 |
Hypertension requiring medication | 67.7 | 70.3 | 65.4 | 67.1 | <0.001 |
Liver disease | 1.0 | 0.9 | 0.6 | 1.3 | <0.1 |
Major psychiatric illness | 22.9 | 20.3 | 20.3 | 26.9 | <0.001 |
Obesity | 1.3 | 1.4 | 1.5 | 1.0 | 0.2 |
Peripheral vascular disease | 3.9 | 4.1 | 2.4 | 4.6 | <0.001 |
Steroid use | 4.0 | 4.2 | 3.5 | 4.1 | 0.3 |
Therapeutic anticoagulation | 18.9 | 22.5 | 14.4 | 19.0 | <0.001 |
AIS, Abbreviated Injury Scale; bpm, beats per minute; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; ED, emergency department; mm Hg, millimeters of mercury.