Comparisons between survivors and non-survivors of traumatic arrest after TBI
| Survivors (n=8) | Non-survivors (n=34) | P value | |
| Age, mean±SD | 38.6±18.7 | 45.8±20.8 | 0.286 |
| Sex | 0.784 | ||
| Female (%) | 2 (25) | 7 (20.6) | |
| Male (%) | 6 (75) | 27 (79.4) | |
| ISS, mean±SD | 33.6±11.6 | 39.3±14.4 | 0.306 |
| Head AIS score, mean±SD | 3.9±1.1 | 4.3±1.1 | 0.365 |
| GCS score, mean±SD | 5.3±2.1 | 3.2±0.5 | 0.020 |
| GCS motor score, mean±SD | 2.5±1.3 | 1.1±0.4 | 0.026 |
| Pupil diameter and reactivity (%) | 0.001 | ||
| Bilateral reactivity | 5 (62.5) | 3 (8.8) | |
| Bilateral constriction and non-reactivity | 2 (25) | 3 (8.8) | |
| Bilateral dilation and non-reactivity | 1 (12.5) | 27 (79.4) | |
| Unilateral dilation and non-reactivity | 0 | 1 (2.9) | |
| Positive FAST examination (%) | 2 (66.7) | 19 (70.4) | 0.894 |
| Airway management (%) | 0.139 | ||
| Intubation | 7 (87.5) | 23 (67.6) | |
| Bag ventilation | 1 (12.5) | 1 (2.9) | |
| Cardiac arrest location (%) | 0.701 | ||
| On the field | 6 (75) | 21 (61.8) | |
| En route | 1 (12.5) | 9 (26.5) | |
| ED | 1 (12.5) | 4 (11.8) | |
| Arrest rhythm (%) | 0.378 | ||
| Asystole | 1 (12.5) | 15 (44.1) | |
| PEA | 5 (62.5) | 10 (29.4) | |
| Ventricular arrhythmia | 0 | 2 (5.8) | |
| Unknown | 2 (25) | 7 (20.6) | |
| Mechanism of injury (%) | 0.625 | ||
| Fall | 0 | 6 (17.6) | |
| MVC | 3 (37.5) | 9 (26.5) | |
| Pedestrian vs auto | 3 (37.5) | 12 (35.3) | |
| Motorcycle crash | 2 (25) | 7 (20.6) | |
| Violence | 0 | 1 (2.2) | |
| Imaging findings (%) | |||
| Subdural hematoma | 1 (12.5) | 10 (55.6) | 0.001 |
| SAH | 8 (100) | 13 (72.2) | 0.007 |
| Hypoxic injury | 2 (25) | 6 (33.33) | 0.029 |
| Herniation | 1 (12.5) | 5 (27.8) | 0.019 |
| Rotterdam score, mean±SD | 2.63±0.9 | 2.89±1.4 | 0.625 |
| Interventions (%) | |||
| ICP monitoring | 7 (87.5) | 4 (11.8) | <0.001 |
| EVD | 3 (37.5) | 2 (5.9) | 0.060 |
| Decompressive craniectomy | 0 | 2 (5.9) | 0.594 |
Bolded: p<0.05
AIS, Abbreviated Injury Scale; ED, emergency department; EVD, external ventricular drain; FAST, focused assessment with sonography for trauma; GCS, Glasgow Coma Scale; ICP, intracranial pressure; ISS, Injury Severity Score; MVC, motor vehicle collision; PEA, pulseless electric activity; SAH, subarachnoid hemorrhage; TBI, traumatic brain injury.