Injury characteristics and outcomes by cause of injury
| Cause | Trauma activation, % (n) | ED to OR, % (n) | ISS ≥16, % (n) | Head AIS ≥3 (severe), % (n) | ED SBP <90 mm Hg, % (n) | Mortality, % (n) |
| Fall | 6.2 (195) | 5.1 (158) | 13.2 (413) | 18.0 (566) | 3.4 (108) | 3.5 (112) |
| Motor vehicle crash | 21.0 (239) | 8.5 (97) | 24.7 (281) | 10.6 (121) | 4.4 (50) | 4.6 (52) |
| Assault | 46.7 (261) | 22.4 (125) | 19.1 (107) | 11.3 (63) | 7.9 (44) | 3.6 (20) |
| Motorcycle crash | 26.6 (104) | 14.3 (56) | 28.9 (113) | 17.4 (68) | 7.7 (30) | 7.2 (28) |
| Worksite injury | 14.3 (49) | 18.9 (68) | 17.5 (60) | 14.3 (49) | 6.1 (21) | 1.2 (4) |
| Crush/strike | 5.6 (15) | 8.2 (22) | 13.1 (35) | 18.4 (49) | 1.5 (4) | 1.9 (5) |
| Bicycle | 7.5 (19) | 6.7 (17) | 17.4 (44) | 14.2 (36) | 3.2 (8) | 2.8 (7) |
| Home improvement | 9.1 (22) | 17.4 (42) | 19.8 (48) | 9.1 (22) | 2.5 (6) | 2.1 (5) |
| Pedestrian | 31.1 (59) | 8.4 (16) | 28.4 (54) | 22.6 (43) | 9.0 (17) | 6.3 (12) |
| Recreational | 14.4 (25) | 9.2 (16) | 26.4 (46) | 12.1 (21) | 1.2 (2) | 0.6 (1) |
| Off-road vehicles | 15.8 (27) | 5.9 (10) | 19.3 (33) | 11.7 (20) | 2.9 (5) | 0.6 (1) |
| Firearm | 60.4 (58) | 19.8 (19) | 20.8 (20) | 10.4 (10) | 7.3 (7) | 10.4 (10) |
| Self-inflicted | 71.4 (65) | 29.7 (27) | 31.9 (29) | 28.6 (26) | 16.5 (15) | 24.2 (22) |
| Other | 16.1 (41) | 16.5 (42) | 10.6 (27) | 7.8 (20) | 3.9 (10) | 2.5 (9) |
| P value* | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
*P value denotes significant differences in the injury characteristic/outcome by cause of injury.
AIS, abbreviated injury scale; ED, emergency department; ISS, injury severity score; OR, operating room; SBP, systolic blood pressure.