Results of logistic regression analysis of patient and clinical characteristics as predictors of early treatment (N=3944)
| Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | P value | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | P value | |
| Age, per year | ||||
| 0–18 | 0.99 (0.97 to 1.02) | 0.539 | 1.00 (0.97 to 1.02) | 0.751 |
| 19–40 | 1.01 (0.99 to 1.02) | 0.406 | 1.02 (1.00 to 1.03) | 0.038 |
| 41–60 | 0.97 (0.95 to 1.00) | 0.047 | 0.97 (0.95 to 1.00) | 0.028 |
| Above 60 | 1.02 (0.98 to 1.06) | 0.359 | 1.02 (0.98 to 1.06) | 0.431 |
| Sex | ||||
| Male | Ref | Ref | ||
| Female | 0.82 (0.65 to 1.04) | 0.107 | 0.75 (0.59 to 0.97) | 0.030 |
| Area of residence | ||||
| Urban | Ref | |||
| Rural | 0.94 (0.80 to 1.11) | 0.464 | ||
| Breadwinner | ||||
| No | Ref | Ref | ||
| Yes | 0.84 (0.71 to 0.99) | 0.040 | 0.72 (0.58 to 0.89) | 0.003 |
| Mode of arrival | ||||
| Private vehicle | Ref | Ref | ||
| Boda boda | 0.75 (0.54 to 1.05) | 0.095 | 0.76 (0.54 to 1.06) | 0.105 |
| Ambulance | 0.88 (0.71 to 1.09) | 0.240 | 0.86 (0.69 to 1.07) | 0.166 |
| Police vehicle | 0.83 (0.68 to 1.02) | 0.071 | 0.83 (0.68 to 1.02) | 0.075 |
| Walk-in | 1.32 (0.59 to 2.96) | 0.505 | 1.31 (0.58 to 2.96) | 0.514 |
| Other | 2.26 (1.07 to 4.79) | 0.033 | 2.30 (1.08 to 4.88) | 0.030 |
| Referred | ||||
| No | Ref | |||
| Yes | 1.07 (0.91 to 1.27) | 0.406 | ||
| Cause of TBI | ||||
| RTI | Ref | |||
| Falls | 1.21 (0.90 to 1.64) | 0.209 | ||
| Intentional injuries | 0.90 (0.74 to 1.08) | 0.266 | ||
| Others | 0.92 (0.63 to 1.45) | 0.667 | ||
| Type of head injury | ||||
| Open | Ref | |||
| Close | 1.04 (0.87 to 1.23) | 0.674 | ||
| Number of serious injuries, n | ||||
| 0 | Ref | |||
| 1 | 1.10 (0.90 to 1.36) | 0.352 | ||
| ≥2 | 0.99 (0.58 to 1.70) | 0.983 | ||
| GCS category | ||||
| Mild | Ref | |||
| Moderate | 1.04 (0.85 to 1.27) | 0.714 | 1.04 (0.85 to 1.28) | 0.706 |
| Severe | 1.27 (1.02 to 1.58) | 0.032 | 1.25 (1.00 to 1.56) | 0.047 |
| KTS category | ||||
| Mild | Ref | |||
| Moderate | 0.81 (0.61 to 1.08) | 0.151 | ||
| Severe | 0.89 (0.60 to 1.33) | 0.573 | ||
| Loss of consciousness | ||||
| No | Ref | |||
| Yes | 1.13 (0.94 to 1.35) | 0.188 | ||
| Suspected alcohol use | ||||
| No | Ref | |||
| Yes | 0.99 (0.83 to 1.18) | 0.892 | ||
| Unknown | 0.61 (0.29 to 1.28) | 0.188 | ||
| Suspected drug use | ||||
| No | Ref | |||
| Yes | 1.05 (0.79 to 1.40) | 0.719 | ||
| Unknown | 0.81 (0.45 to 1.43) | 0.460 | ||
| Pre-existing condition | ||||
| No | Ref | Ref | ||
| Yes | 0.91 (0.68 to 1.21) | 0.503 | 0.91 (0.68 to 1.22) | 0.520 |
| Unknown | 1.49 (1.05 to 2.11) | 0.025 | 1.46 (1.03 to 2.08) | 0.032 |
Bold values: p <0.05; statistically significant
GCS, Glasgow Coma Scale; KTS, Kampala Trauma Score; Ref, reference; RTI, Road Traffic Injury; TBI, traumatic brain injury.