Study characteristics (n=62) | Count (%) |
Year of publication | |
2001–2005 | 5 (8) |
2006–2010 | 14 (23) |
2011–2015 | 16 (26) |
2016–2019 | 27 (43) |
Geographic region of conduct | |
USA | 19 (31) |
Afghanistan and Iraq | 11 (18) |
Afghanistan | 10 (16) |
Not reported | 4 (6) |
Israel | 3 (5) |
Canada | 2 (3) |
Iraq | 2 (3) |
UK | 2 (3) |
Afghanistan, Iraq, and Germany | 1 (2) |
Afghanistan, Iraq, and Oman | 1 (2) |
Australia | 1 (2) |
Germany | 1 (2) |
Iran | 1 (2) |
Japan | 1 (2) |
Netherlands | 1 (2) |
Sahel-Saharan Strip | 1 (2) |
Sweden | 1 (2) |
Study design | |
Cohort | 54 (87) |
Randomized controlled trial | 5 (8) |
Case–control | 3 (5) |
Study duration (months) | |
0–12 | 9 (15) |
13–24 | 7 (11) |
25–36 | 9 (15) |
37–48 | 10 (16) |
49–60 | 6 (9) |
61–72 | 7 (11) |
73–84 | 2 (3) |
85–96 | 1 (2) |
97–108 | 3 (5) |
109–120 | 2 (3) |
121–256 | 3 (5) |
NR | 3 (5) |
Studies grouped by MARCH | |
Massive hemorrhage | 17 (28) |
Airway | 7 (12) |
Respiration/breathing | 12 (20) |
Circulation | 18 (29) |
Hypothermia | 2 (3) |
E-FAST | 3 (5) |
Mixed | 3 (3) |
Setting | |
Combat zone* | 25 (41) |
Aeromedical support unit† | 12 (19) |
Level 1 trauma center‡ | 12 (19) |
Emergency and trauma services‡ | 13 (21) |
*Includes land-based facilities only in combat zones.
†Includes combat and non-combat settings.
‡Non-combat settings only.
E-FAST, extended focused assessment with sonography in trauma; NR, not recorded.