Table 2

Patient demographic by toxicology screen classification

Characteristic	TOX–†		THC only		ETOH only		THC and ETOH		Cocaine/meth
Total no	7078	61.6%	1345	11.7%	1580	13.7%	578	5.0%	910	7.9%
Age (median/LQ–UQ)	28	25–56	27	21–39*	31	24–45*	26	22–33*	32	24–45*
Sex (male)	4224	59.7%	995	74.0%*	1076	68.1%*	445	77.0%*	687	75.5%*
Race/ethnicity
Asian/other	1074	15.2%	150	11.2%	166	10.5%	61	10.6%	67	7.4%
Black	520	7.3%	160	11.9%	126	8.0%	54	9.3%	108	11.9%
Hispanic	2376	33.6%	382	28.4%	539	34.1%	182	31.5%	335	36.8%
White	2967	41.9%	615	45.7%	716	45.3%	261	45.2%	386	42.4%
Unknown	141	2.0%	38	2.8%	32	2.0%	20	3.5%	14	1.5%
Mechanism
MV occupant	5052	71.4%	891	66.2%*	1323	83.7%*	483	83.6%*	694	76.3%*
Seatbelt	4185	82.8%	677	76.0%*	878	66.4%*	310	64.2%*	462	66.6%*
No seatbelt	429	8.5%	127	14.3%*	236	17.8%*	98	20.3%*	133	19.2%*
Unknown	438	8.7%	87	9.8%*	209	15.8%*	75	15.5%*	99	14.3%*
Motorcycle	2026	28.6%	454	33.8%	257	16.3%	95	16.4%	216	23.7%
Helmet	1821	89.9%	402	88.5%	219	85.2%*	81	85.3%*	174	80.6%*
No helmet	157	7.7%	39	8.6%	35	13.6%*	14	14.7%*	36	16.7%*
Unknown	48	2.4%	13	2.9%	3	1.2%*	0	0.0%*	6	2.8%*
ISS (median/LQ–UQ)	5	2–10	5	2–11*	5	2–12*	5	3–14*	6	4–13*
Operations	1685	24%	376	28%*	399	25.3%	164	28.4%*	326	35.8%*
Mortality	111	1.6%	18	1.3%	18	1.1%	11	1.9%	12	1.3%

*p<0.05.
†TOX– is the reference category.
ISS, Injury Severity Score.