Complications of REBOA and RT in patients who survived beyond the operating room
| Outcomes | Total (n=132, 100%) | REBOA zone 1 (n=86, 65.2%) | RT (n=46, 34.8%) | P value |
| Access complications, n (%) | 7 (5.3) | 7 (8.1) | – | NA |
| Pseudoaneurysm | 1 (0.8) | 1 (1.2) | – | NA |
| Distal embolism | 4 (3.2) | 4 (4.7) | – | NA |
| Extremity ischemia | 5 (4.0) | 5 (5.8) | – | NA |
| Lower extremity amputation | 1 (0.8) | 1 (1.2) | 0 (0.0) | 0.65 |
| Systemic complications, n (%) | 58 (43.9) | 42 (48.8) | 16 (34.8) | 0.17 |
| Acute kidney injury | 33 (25.0) | 24 (27.9) | 9 (19.6) | 0.40 |
| Pneumonia | 25 (18.9) | 19 (22.1) | 6 (13.0) | 0.24 |
| ALI or ARDS | 22 (16.7) | 15 (17.4) | 7 (15.2) | 0.81 |
| Multi-organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) | 20 (15.2) | 14 (16.3) | 6 (13.0) | 0.41 |
| Sepsis or septic shock | 12 (9.1) | 9 (10.5) | 3 (6.5) | 0.34 |
| AKI - dialysis required | 13 (9.8) | 10 (11.6) | 3 (6.5) | 0.54 |
| Bacteremia | 11 (8.3) | 11 (12.8) | 0 (0.0) | 0.01** |
| Stroke | 5 (3.8) | 3 (3.5) | 2 (4.3) | 0.57 |
| Paraplegia | 4 (3.0) | 4 (4.7) | 0 (0.0) | 0.18 |
| Myocardial infarction | 1 (0.8) | 1 (1.2) | 0 (0.0) | 0.65 |
Access complications include having at least one of the following: pseudoaneurysm, distal embolism, and extremity ischemia.
Systemic complications include having at least one of the following: AKI, pneumonia, ALI or ARDS, MODS, sepsis, AKI - dialysis required, bacteremia, paraplegia, stroke, and myocardial infarction.
**P<0.01.
AKI, acute kidney injury; ALI, acute lung injury; ARDS, acute respiratory distress syndrome; NA, not applicable due to open surgical technique vs. endovascular technique; REBOA, resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion; RT, resuscitative thoracotomy.