Outcomes and complications of REBOA and RT overall
| Outcomes | Total (N=282, 100%) | REBOA zone 1 (n=147, 52.1%) | RT (n=135, 48.9%) | P value |
| In-hospital mortality, n (%) | 243 (86.2) | 114 (77.6) | 129 (95.6) | <0.01** |
| ICU, n (%) | 90 (31.9) | 51 (34.7) | 39 (28.9) | <0.01** |
| Operating room, n (%) | 80 (28.4) | 29 (19.7) | 51 (37.8) | |
| Emergency room, n (%) | 70 (24.8) | 32 (21.8) | 38 (28.1) | |
| Interventional radiology, n (%) | 1 (0.2) | 1 (0.7) | 0 (0) | |
| Other, n (%) | 2 (0.7) | 1 (0.7) | 1 (0.7) | |
| Death hours after admission, mean (SD) | 3.2 (4) | 4.1 (4) | 2.6 (3) | 0.01** |
| <6, n (%) | 196 (69.5) | 86 (58.5) | 110 (81.5) | 0.07 |
| 6–12, n (%) | 33 (11.7) | 18 (12.2) | 15 (11.1) | |
| 12–18, n (%) | 13 (4.6) | 10 (6.8) | 3 (2.2) | |
| 18–24, n (%) | 1 (0.4) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.7) | |
| Hospital LOS, days, mean (SD) | 6.4 (14) | 9.7 (17) | 2.9 (9) | <0.01** |
| ICU stay, n (%) | 148 (52.5) | 92 (62.6) | 56 (41.5) | <0.01** |
| ICU days, mean (SD) | 6.4 (9) | 8.0 (10) | 3.82 (7) | 0.01** |
| Ventilator days, n (%) | 214 (75.9) | 116 (78.9) | 98 (72.6) | 0.17 |
| Ventilator days, mean (SD) | 4.4 (8) | 6.3 (10) | 2.1 (4) | <0.01** |
| Discharge GCS, mean (SD) | 5.1 (4) | 6.1 (5) | 3.7 (2) | <0.01** |
| Discharge GOSE, mean (SD) | 1.6 (1) | 1.8 (1) | 1.5 (1) | 0.10 |
| Discharge disposition, n (%) | <0.01** | |||
| Rehabilitation/nursing facility | 30 (10.6) | 26 (17.7) | 4 (3.0) | |
| Home | 6 (2.1) | 5 (3.4) | 1 (0.7) | |
| Missing | 4 (0.9) | 2 (1.4) | 2 (1.5) | |
| Lower extremity amputation, n (%) | 2 (0.7) | 2 (1.4) | 0 (0.0) | 0.50 |
| Systemic complications, n (%) | 62 (22.0) | 45 (30.6) | 17 (12.6) | <0.01** |
| Acute kidney injury | 36 (12.8) | 27 (18.4) | 9 (6.7) | 0.01** |
| Pneumonia | 25 (8.9) | 19 (12.9) | 6 (4.4) | 0.02* |
| ALI or ARDS | 22 (7.8) | 15 (10.2) | 7 (5.2) | 0.18 |
| Multi-organ dysfunction syndrome(MODS) | 22 (7.8) | 15 (10.2) | 7 (5.2) | 0.18 |
| Sepsis or septic shock | 13 (4.6) | 9 (6.1) | 4 (3.0) | 0.26 |
| AKI - dialysis required | 13 (4.6) | 10 (6.8) | 3 (2.2) | 0.09 |
| Bacteremia | 11 (3.9) | 11 (7.5) | 0 (0.0) | 0.01** |
| Stroke | 5 (1.8) | 3 (2.0) | 2 (1.5) | 0.99 |
| Paraplegia | 4 (1.4) | 4 (2.7) | 0 (0.0) | 0.12 |
| Myocardial infarction | 1 (0.4) | 1 (0.7) | 0 (0.0) | 0.99 |
Systemic complications include having at least one of the following: AKI, pneumonia, ALI or ARDS, MODS, sepsis, AKI - dialysis required, bacteremia, paraplegia, stroke, and myocardial infarction.
*P<0.05, **P<0.01.
AKI, acute kidney injury; ALI, acute lung injury; ARDS, acute respiratory distress syndrome; GCS, Glasgow Coma Scale; GOSE, Glasgow Outcome Scale Extended; ICU, intensive care unit; LOS, length of stay; REBOA, resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion; RT, resuscitative thoracotomy.