Risk factors for severe lower extremity ischemia following VA-ECMO using a multivariable competing-risk Cox regression model
| Risk factor | Cause-specific HR | 95% CI | P value |
| Age (years) | |||
| 19–59 | Reference | ||
| ≤18 | 3.08 | 1.34 to 7.07 | 0.008* |
| ≥60 | 0.57 | 0.36 to 0.92 | 0.021* |
| Sex | |||
| Female | Reference | ||
| Male | 1.06 | 0.66 to 1.70 | 0.812 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | |||
| Normal weight (18.5–24.9) | Reference | ||
| Underweight (<18.5) | 0.93 | 0.45 to 1.96 | 0.865 |
| Overweight (≥25.0) | 1.26 | 0.78 to 2.04 | 0.352 |
| Comorbid conditions | |||
| Diabetes mellitus | 1.21 | 0.70 to 2.10 | 0.498 |
| Atherosclerotic disease | 0.64 | 0.36 to 1.18 | 0.152 |
| Episode of arrest at admission | 0.82 | 0.43 to 1.59 | 0.564 |
| VA-ECMO duration (days) | 0.97 | 0.93 to 1.01 | 0.166 |
| Consciousness on admission | |||
| Alert | Reference | ||
| Disturbance | 2.50 | 1.58 to 3.95 | <0.001* |
*P<0.05.
VA-ECMO, venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.