Background Acute stroke due to supratentorial intracerebral haemorrhage is associated with
high morbidity and mortality. Open craniotomy haematoma evacuation has not been found …

A modern understanding of how cerebral cortical lesions develop after acute brain injury is
based on Aristides Leão’s historic discoveries of spreading depression and asphyxial/anoxic …

Spreading depolarizations (SD) are waves of abrupt, near-complete breakdown of neuronal
transmembrane ion gradients, are the largest possible pathophysiologic disruption of viable …

OBJECTIVE Retrospective clinical data and case studies support a therapeutic effect of
ketamine in suppression of spreading depolarization (SD) following brain injury. Preclinical data …

BACKGROUND Minimally invasive surgery procedures, including stereotactic catheter aspiration
and clearance of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) with recombinant tissue plasminogen …

Background: Despite clear evidence in critical care that blood transfusion has an adverse
impact on outcome, neurosurgical textbooks still recommend transfusion of patients with …

Nimodipine is a dihydropyridine calcium channel antagonist that blocks the flux of
extracellular calcium through L-type, voltage-gated calcium channels. While nimodipine is …

Background and Purpose— The Carotid Occlusion Surgery Study (COSS) was an improvement
over the Extracranial–Intracranial Bypass Study, which did not utilize physiological …

Background and Purpose— EG-1962 is a sustained release formulation of nimodipine
administered via external ventricular drain in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage…

Spreading depolarizations (SDs) are profound disruptions of cellular homeostasis that slowly
propagate through gray matter and present an extraordinary metabolic challenge to brain …