Background: Acidosis, hypothermia, and coagulopathy were identified more than 20 years
ago as a deadly triad for patients presenting with exsanguinating hemorrhage. This led to …

Hypothesis Normal resuscitation (oxygen delivery index [DO 2 I] ≥500 mL/min per square
meter), compared with supranormal trauma resuscitation (DO 2 I ≥600 mL/min per square …

Background Primary (1) abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) is a known complication
of damage control. Recently secondary (2) ACS has been reported in patients without …

The stress response to surgery, critical illness, trauma, and burns encompasses derangements
of metabolic and physiological processes that induce perturbations in the inflammatory, …

Introduction As the population ages, the number of injured elderly is increasing. We sought
to determine if low skeletal muscle mass adversely affected outcome in elderly patients …

BACKGROUND: Recent studies have demonstrated increased morbidity in elderly patients
with rib fractures after blunt trauma. As a first step in creating a multidisciplinary rib fracture …

Objective: Injury and shock lead to alterations in conventional coagulation tests (CCTs).
Recently, rapid thrombelastography (r-TEG) has become recognized as a comprehensive …

BACKGROUND: The use of plasma-based resuscitation for trauma patients in hemorrhagic
shock has been associated with a decrease in mortality. Although some have proposed a …

Objective: To determine whether implementation of damage control resuscitation (DCR) in
patients undergoing damage control laparotomy (DCL) translates into improved survival. …

In 1989, Moore et al. on behalf of the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma (AAST)
published the Organ Injury Scale (OIS) for spleen, liver, and kidney. 1 This was then …