Background Delirium has been shown to prolong the length of intensive care unit stay,
hospitalization, and duration of ventilatory control, in addition to increasing the use of sedatives …

Discussion In the present case, auditory hallucinations suddenly appeared after microvascular
decompression for left trigeminal neuralgia. Initially, acute transient psychotic disorder or …

The pathophysiology of bipolar disorder, especially the underlying mechanisms of the bipolarity
between manic and depressive states, has yet to be clarified. Microglia, immune cells in …

Objective Although histamine-2 receptor antagonists (H2RAs) have been shown to be more
likely to cause delirium than proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), these results were not adjusted …

The pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is related to neuroinflammatory
responses mediated by microglia. Memantine, an antagonist of N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) …

What is known and Objective The use of hypnotics, especially benzodiazepines (BZs),
increases the risk of falls. Regarding the association of orexin receptor antagonists with fall risk, …

Objective ICU delirium reportedly contributes to increased mortality attributed to underlying
diseases, long-term cognitive decline, and increased healthcare costs. Dual orexin receptor …

Objective: The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between serum oxytocin (OT)
and logical memory among older people in rural Japan. Methods: This was a cross-…

Objective: There is limited evidence for the efficacy of the novel dual orexin receptor antagonists
(DORAs) suvorexant and lemborexant in preventing delirium. We examined the efficacy …

Background Antiepileptic drugs may cause delirium, and the risk may vary with each drug.
However, related studies have provided inconsistent results. Aim The aim of this study was to …