Undefined | Subconcussive trauma | Typically undiagnosed | Accumulative effect | 43–46 |
<10 days | Concussive trauma | Somatic symptoms | Headache, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, slurred speech imbalance, vacant stare, disorientation, or delayed response | 47–53 |
Cognitive symptoms | Confusion, temporary loss of consciousness, or poor concentration and attention | 47–53 |
10 days to 3 months | Concussive syndrome | Somatic symptoms | Headache, visual disturbance, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, gait balance control difficulties, photophobia, and phonophobia | 54–60 |
Cognitive symptoms | Fatigue, drowsiness, difficulty concentrating, cognitive slowing, motor planning | 54–60 |
>3 months to several years | Postconcussive syndrome | Somatic symptoms | Headache, visual disturbance, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, balance difficulties, photophobia, and phonophobia | 48 52 61 62 |
Cognitive symptoms | Fatigue, drowsiness, difficulty concentrating, cognitive slowing | 48 52 61 62 |
Sleep symptoms | Difficulty sleeping or sleeping more or less than usual | 48 52 61 62 |
Emotional symptoms | More emotional, sad, or irritable | 48 52 61 62 |
Pervasive/progressive | Chronic traumatic encephalopathy | Somatic symptoms | Unsteady gait, slow muscular movements, hesitant speech, hand or head tremors | 63–70 |
Cognitive symptoms | Mental confusion and short-term memory loss | 63–70 |
Behavioral symptoms | Irritability, impulsivity, aggression, depression, suicidal tendencies | 63–70 |