Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1
Mortality in trauma patients admitted to the intensive care unit grouped by age showing a significant increase with age beginning in the 6th decade of life.
- Figure 2
Forest plot of the OR for mortality based on age, Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), Injury Severity Score (ISS), Delayed intensive care unit (ICU) discharge for all patients (circle) and for the high mortality risk subset (age ≥50, diamond). *Represents statistical significance with p<0.05.
Tables
- Table 1
Patient demographics, comorbidities, injury burden and patterns, and hospital outcomes of the study population (all patients) and comparisons of patient cohorts experiencing ICUbb (ICUbb+) to those that did not (ICUbb−)
All patients
(n=2004)ICUbb−
(n=1891)ICUbb+
(n=113)P value Mean±SD age (years) 52±23 52±23 64±18 <0.01 % male (n) 64 (1274) 63 (1199) 66 (75) 0.52 Median CCI score (IQR) 1 (0, 3) 1 (0, 3) 3 (1, 5) <0.01 % CCI score ≥5 (n) 14 (281) 13.3 (252) 25.7 (29) <0.01 Significant injury (AIS score ≥2) % n % n % n P value Head 50.7 1015 50.7 958 46 57 0.96 Face 1 19 1 19 0 0 0.28 Neck 1.7 34 1.8 33 0.9 1 0.49 Thorax 26.9 539 26.5 501 33.6 38 0.1 Abdomen 13 261 13.3 252 8 9 0.1 Spine 8 161 7.6 143 15.9 18 <0.01 Extremity—upper 1.6 31 1.5 29 1.8 2 0.84 Extremity—lower 13.3 267 13 246 18.6 21 0.09 External soft tissue/burn 1 20 0.9 16 3.5 4 <0.01 Median ISS (IQR) 17 (10, 24) 17 (10, 24) 19 (16, 26) <0.01 % ISS >25 (n) 454 (22.7) 21.9 (414) 35.4 (40) 0.01 Median (IQR) ICU LOS (days) 3 (2, 5) 3 (2, 5) 11 (6, 18) <0.01 Median (IQR) SD HLOS (days) 6 (3, 12) 6 (3, 11) 19 (11, 32) <0.01 % mortality (n) 3.6 (72) 2.6 (49) 20.4 (23) <0.01 AIS, Abbreviated Injury Scale; CCI, Charlson Comorbidity Index; HLOS, hospital length of stay; ICUbb, intensive care unit bounce back; ISS, Injury Severity Score; LOS, length of stay.
- Table 2
OR with 95% CIs of factors that are independently associated with mortality
OR (95% CI) P value Age 1.06 (1.04 to 1.08) <0.01 CCI 1.01 (0.92 to 1.11) 0.87 ISS 1.05 (1.02 to 1.08) <0.01 ICUbb 6.73 (3.80 to 11.91) <0.01 CCI, Charlson Comorbidity Index; ICUbb, intensive care unit bounce back; ISS, Injury Severity Score.
- Table 3
Presentation demographics, comorbidities, injury burden, and outcome data of the Early vs. Delayed cohorts
Early
(n=1690)Delayed
(n=314)P value Mean±SD age (years) 52±23 55±22 0.01 % male (n) 63 (1066) 66 (208) 0.28 Median CCI score (IQR) 1 (0, 3) 2 (1, 3) <0.01 % CCI score ≥5 (n) 13.8 (233) 15.3 (48) 0.48 Median ISS (IQR) 17 (10, 24) 17 (13, 25) <0.01 % ISS >25 (n) 21.7 (367) 27.7 (87) 0.07 Median (IQR) ICU LOS (days) 2 (2, 4) 5 (3, 8) <0.01 Median (IQR) SD HLOS (days) 6 (3, 11) 10 (6, 18) <0.01 Rate of ICUbb (%) 6.5 (109) 1.3 (4) <0.01 % mortality* (n) 3.9 (65) 2.2 (7) 0.16 *Includes discharged to hospice.
CCI, Charlson Comorbidity Index; HLOS, hospital length of stay; ICUbb, intensive care unit bounce back; ISS, Injury Severity Score; LOS, length of stay.
- Table 4
Logistic regression models evaluating the OR of ICUbb based on age, ISS, CCI score, and Delayed ICU transfer
OR (95% CI) P value Age 1.02 (1.01 to 1.03) <0.01 ISS 1.05 (1.03 to 1.07) <0.01 CCI 1.12 (1.04 to 1.20) <0.01 Delayed transfer 0.16 (0.06 to 0.44) <0.01 CCI, Charlson Comorbidity Index; ICUbb, intensive care unit bounce back; ISS, Injury Severity Score.
