Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1
Patient flow diagram of NTDB and TITCO patients starting with over 2.6 million patients from the two databases and resulting in 687 407 patients. There is overlap between the exclusion categories, which were applied in parallel. The numbers presented are the true numbers for each category and not of sequential exclusion. NTDB, National Trauma Data Bank; TITCO, Towards Improved Trauma Care Outcomes.
- Figure 2
Multivariate logistic regression of independent predictors of mortality represented by a forest plot with the ORs and 95% CIs of independent predictors. All variables were significant (p<0.001). GCS, Glasgow Coma Scale; ISS, Injury Severity Score; SBP, systolic blood pressure.
- Figure 3
The odds of mortality in India from multivariate logistic regression models for each ISS category represented by a forest plot with 95% CIs. All ISS categories were significant (p<0.001).
Tables
- Table 1
Patient demographic, physiologic, anatomic and outcome characteristics
USA (NTDB) India (TITCO) P value Demographic Age mean (SD) 48.0 (20.5) 38.7 (15.8) <0.001 Sex (% male) 68.9 83.4 <0.001 Mechanism Fall (%) 31.3 30.4 <0.001 Road traffic injury (%) 37.8 49.3 <0.001 Penetrating (%) 11.0 4.8 <0.001 Firearm injury (%) 5.6 0 <0.001 Physiologic RR median (IQR) 18 (16–20) 20 (18–22) <0.001 Respiratory distress (RR <10 or >29) (%) 6.8 27.2 <0.001 SBP median (IQR) 136 (120–152) 118 (110–130) <0.001 Shock (SBP <90) (%) 4.1 6.3 <0.001 GCS median (IQR) 15 (14–15) 15 (8–15) <0.001 Altered mental status (GCS ≤13) (%) 16.4 44.5 <0.001 Anatomic AIS head ≥3 (%) 25.7 54.7 <0.001 AIS face ≥3 (%) 0.2 0.1 0.150 AIS chest ≥3 (%) 22.5 8.1 <0.001 AIS abdomen ≥3 (%) 5.5 4.9 <0.001 AIS extremity ≥3 (%) 9.7 8.2 <0.001 AIS external ≥3 (%) 0.03 0.25 <0.001 ISS median (IQR) 9 (5–17) 9 (9–14) <0.001 ISS ≥25 (%) 11.8 7.5 <0.001 Outcome Mortality (%) 2.8 23.2 <0.001 AIS, Abbreviated Injury Scale; ISS, Injury Severity Scale; NTDB, National Trauma Data Bank; SBP, systolic blood pressure; TITCO, Towards Improved Trauma Care Outcomes.
- Table 2
Odds of mortality in India by demographic, physiologic, and anatomic characteristics
OR 95% CI P value Demographic Ages 18–39 13.74 (12.61 to 14.96) <0.001 Ages 40–64 15.29 (13.87 to 16.87) <0.001 Age >65 9.50 (8.00 to 11.30) <0.001 Males 13.76 (12.90 to 14.69) <0.001 Females 13.82 (11.94 to 15.99) <0.001 Mechanism Fall 14.50 (12.92 to 16.28) <0.001 Road traffic injury 18.17 (16.68 to 19.79) <0.001 Penetrating 4.95 (3.31 to 7.39) <0.001 Physiologic RR <10 or >29 8.05 (7.24 to 8.95) <0.001 RR ≥10 or ≤29 15.65 (14.57 to 16.82) <0.001 SBP <90 10.17 (8.79 to 11.77) <0.001 SBP ≥90 14.66 (13.75 to 15.64) <0.001 GCS ≤13 10.61 (9.94 to 11.35) <0.001 GCS >13 22.59 (20.06 to 25.44) <0.001 Anatomic Head (AIS 1–2) 57.79 (44.58 to 74.91) <0.001 Head (AIS 3–6) 9.02 (8.39 to 9.69) <0.001 Face (AIS 1–2) 20.02 (17.37 to 23.09) <0.001 Face (AIS 3–6) 2.53 (0.48 to 13.35) 0.272 Chest (AIS 1–2) 20.78 (16.23 to 26.63) <0.001 Chest (AIS 3–6) 10.76 (8.90 to 13.00) <0.001 Abdomen (AIS 1–2) 14.93 (11.58 to 19.25) <0.001 Abdomen (AIS 3–6) 8.06 (6.35 to 10.22) <0.001 Extremity (AIS 1–2) 17.62 (15.08 to 20.59) <0.001 Extremity (AIS 3–6) 16.50 (13.74 to 19.82) <0.001 External (AIS 1–2) 15.57 (14.08 to 17.22) <0.001 External (AIS 3–6) 6.26 (2.14 to 18.31) 0.001 AIS, Abbreviated Injury Scale; GCS, Glasgow Coma Scale; SBP, systolic blood pressure.
